Table 3.

Clinical studies of rosemary and the active constituents on neuropathic pain, stress and anxiety

Subjects	Type of extract, constituents/ doses/ Time of exposure	Endpoints	Reference
Rats	Alcoholic extract; (100, 200, and 400mg/kg); 14 days	- All three mentioned doses of rosemary extract reduced neuropathic behavioral changes as compared with CCI animals that received the vehicle. - Rosemary extract, 400mg/kg notably declined the levels of Bax, cleaved caspases 3 and 9, Iba1, TNF-α, iNOS and TLR4 in comparison with vehicle-treated CCI animals.	(84)
Mice	Rosmanol, cirsimaritin and salvigenin; (50-200 mg/kg)	- They elicited anxiolytic, antinociceptive, and antidepressant properties. - These compounds were indicated to possess biphasic modulation of GABAA receptors.	(95)
Mice	essential oil	- Inhalation of rosemary essential oil considerably minified the immobility time of mice and serum corticosterone level, accompanied by increased brain dopamine level.	(121)
Mice	Rosemary tea; (2% w/w); 4 weeks	- Cholinesterase isoforms activity was lowered in the brain of rosemary treated group.	(124)