2. Factors affecting technical difficulty of procedures to locate PPLs on EBUS (N=109).
| Variables | Total (N) | Technical difficulty [n (%)] | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||
| OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | ||||
| EBUS, endobronchial ultrasonography; PPL, peripheral pulmonary lesion; CT, computed tomography; OR, odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval. | |||||||
| Sex | |||||||
| Female | 49 | 8 (16.3) | 1 | ||||
| Male | 60 | 19 (31.7) | 2.375 (0.935−6.035) | 0.069 | 2.150 (0.832−5.555) | 0.114 | |
| Age (year) | |||||||
| ≤60 | 59 | 13 (22.0) | 1 | ||||
| >60 | 50 | 14 (28.0) | 1.376 (0.575−3.291) | 0.473 | |||
| Lesion size on CT (mm) | |||||||
| >20 | 65 | 16 (24.6) | 1 | ||||
| ≤20 | 44 | 11 (25.0) | 1.021 (0.421−2.475) | 0.964 | |||
| Lobe location on CT | |||||||
| Middle lobe | 11 | 2 (18.2) | 1 | ||||
| Upper lobe | 66 | 16 (24.2) | 1.440 (0.281−7.367) | 0.662 | |||
| Lower lobe | 32 | 9 (28.1) | 1.761 (0.317−9.785) | 0.518 | |||
| Lung field on CT | |||||||
| Intermediate band | 60 | 12 (20.0) | 1 | ||||
| Lateral band | 49 | 15 (30.6) | 1.765 (0.734−4.242) | 0.204 | |||
| Bronchus sign on CT | |||||||
| Present | 82 | 17 (20.7) | 1 | ||||
| Absent | 27 | 10 (37.0) | 2.249 (0.873−5.793) | 0.093 | 1.972 (0.750−5.190) | 0.169 | |
| Final diagnosis | |||||||
| Malignant diagnosis | 92 | 22 (23.9) | 1 | ||||
| Benign diagnosis | 17 | 5 (29.4) | 1.326 (0.421−4.179) | 0.630 | |||