Table 1. Characteristics of the eligible studies.
| Author and year of publication* | Year of study performed | Province | Eco-epidemiological settings | Name of the pilot area | Season | Density of rodents | Detection technique | No. of examined | No. of infected (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lu 2019[37] | 2018 | Jiangxi | HM | - | - | - | Dissection | 172 | 5(2.91) |
| Xu 2019[38] | 2015–2018 | Sichuan | HM | - | Autumn | - | Dissection | 59 | 0(0.00) |
| Zhang 2019[39] | 2018 | Yunnan | HM | Qiandian | - | - | Dissection and FE | 320 | 0(0.00) |
| 2018 | Yunnan | HM | Wenbi | - | - | Dissection and FE | 126 | 0(0.00) | |
| 2011 | Yunnan | HM | Qiandian | - | - | Dissection and FE | 210 | 2(0.95) | |
| 2011 | Yunnan | HM | Wenbi | - | - | Dissection and FE | 165 | 0(0.00) | |
| Kong 2018[40] | 2013 | Hubei | LM | - | Spring | 7.72% | Unclear | 67 | 0(0.00) |
| 2013 | Hubei | LM | - | Autumn | 5.22% | Unclear | 46 | 0(0.00) | |
| Lu 2018 [41] | 2017 | Jiangxi | HM | Village 3 | Summer | 6.56% | Dissection and MHT | 16 | 0(0.00) |
| Wang 2018[42] | 2017 | Hubei | LM | - | - | 3.84% | Dissection | 66 | 0(0.00) |
| Li 2018[43] | 2015–2016 | Hubei | LM | - | Autumn | - | Dissection | 49 | 2(4.08) |
| Van Dorssen 2017[44] | 2014 | Hunan | LM | - | - | - | Dissection and FE | 83 | 0(0.00) |
| Shao 2016[45] | 2010–2011 | Yunnan | HM | - | - | 10.87% | Dissection and FE | 261 | 1(0.38) |
| Zuo 2016[46] | 2016 | Jiangsu | LM | - | Winter | 1.94% | Dissection | 62 | 0(0.00) |
| Zhang 2014[47] | 2013 | Hubei | LM | - | Spring | 9.08% | Dissection | 67 | 2(2.99) |
| Luo 2014[48] | 2012 | Hubei | LM | - | Spring | 10.59% | Dissection | 34 | 0(0.0) |
| Liu 2013[16] | 2011 | Anhui | HM | Sankouzhen | Autumn | 9.86% | Dissection and FE | 14 | 0(0.0) |
| 2011 | Anhui | HM | Ducun | Autumn | 20.42% | Dissection and FE | 49 | 6(12.24) | |
| Guo 2013[49] | 2011 | Hunan | LM | Summer | - | Dissection | 51 | 7(13.72) | |
| 2011 | Hunan | LM | - | Summer | - | Dissection | 51 | 2(3.92) | |
| 2011 | Hunan | LM | Summer | - | Dissection | 39 | 5(12.82) | ||
| 2011 | Hunan | LM | Summer | - | Dissection | 19 | 2(10.53) | ||
| Shao 2011[50] | 2010 | Yunnan | HM | - | - | 13.55% | Dissection and FE | 157 | 0(0.00) |
| He 2011[51] | 2010 | Hubei | LM | - | - | 7.11% | Dissection | 124 | 0(0.00) |
| Xia 2011[52] | 2008–2009 | Anhui | HM | - | - | - | Dissection and FE | 25 | 4(16.00) |
| 2008–2009 | Anhui | HM | - | - | - | Dissection and FE | 23 | 3(13.04) | |
| 2008–2009 | Anhui | HM | - | - | - | Dissection and FE | 54 | 0(0.00) | |
| Zhang 2010[53] | 2004–2009 | Jiangsu | LM | - | - | 1.28% | Dissection | 61 | 1(1.64) |
| Lu 2010[54] | 2007 | Anhui | HM | Longquan | - | - | Dissection and FE | 12 | 4(33.33) |
| 2007 | Anhui | HM | Longshang | - | - | Dissection and FE | 22 | 3(13.63) | |
| 2007 | Anhui | HM | Yuantou | - | - | Dissection and FE | 17 | 2(11.76) | |
| Ding 2008[55] | 2007 | Hubei | LM | - | - | - | Dissection | 62 | 12(19.35) |
| 2007 | Hubei | LM | Taohua | - | - | Dissection | 59 | 7(11.86) | |
| 2007 | Hubei | LM | - | - | - | Dissection | 52 | 6(11.54) | |
| 2007 | Hubei | LM | - | - | - | Dissection | 43 | 5(11.63) | |
| Wang 2007[56] | 2006 | Anhui | HM | - | - | - | Dissection and FE | 43 | 12(27.91) |
| Lu 2007[57] | 2006 | Anhui | HM | Longquan | Winter | 12.76% | Dissection and FE | 18 | 6(33.33) |
| 2006 | Anhui | HM | Longshang | Winter | 15.49% | Dissection and FE | 22 | 5(22.73) | |
| Gu 2001[58] | 1996–1998 | Sichuan | HM | - | - | - | Dissection | 72 | 0(0.00) |
| Yang 2000 [59] | 1995 | Jiangsu | LM | Xiaba | - | - | Dissection | 23 | 0(0.00) |
| YangX 1999[60] | 1997 | Yunnan | HM | - | Summer | - | Dissection and FE | 973 | 3(0.31) |
| YangW 1999[61] | 1997–1998 | Yunnan | HM | - | Summer | 10.17% | Dissection and FE | 1866 | 3(0.18) |
| Xu 1999[62] | 1996–1997 | Jiangsu | LM | - | Winter | - | Dissection | 69 | 43(62.32) |
| 1997–1998 | Jiangsu | LM | - | Winter | - | Dissection | 53 | 34(64.15) | |
| 1997–1998 | Jiangsu | LM | - | Winter | - | Dissection | 67 | 36(53.73) | |
| Wang 1997[63] | 1992–1995 | Anhui | LM | - | - | - | Dissection | 120 | 10(8.33) |
| Lu 1997[64] | 1993 | Anhui | LM | - | - | - | Dissection | 28 | 3(10.71) |
| 1994 | Anhui | LM | - | - | - | Dissection | 11 | 1(9.09) | |
| 1995 | Anhui | LM | - | - | - | Dissection | 31 | 0(0.00) | |
| Li 1996[65] | 1993 | Hubei | LM | - | - | - | Dissection | 101 | 0(0.00) |
| Zhou 1996[66] | 1993 | Hunan | LM | - | - | - | Unclear | 230 | 0(0.00) |
| 1992 | Hunan | LM | - | - | 14.26% | Unclear | 405 | 16(3.95) | |
| Yang 1995[67] | 1992 | Jiangsu | LM | Xinmin | Winter | - | Dissection | 62 | 0(0.00) |
| 1993 | Jiangsu | LM | Xinmin | Winter | - | Dissection | 30 | 0(0.00) | |
| Xu 1995[68] | 1987–1989 | Sichuan | HM | - | - | 12.30% | Dissection | 115 | 1(0.87) |
| Wang 1995[69] | 1993 | Anhui | LM | Guanghui | - | - | Dissection | 50 | 6(12.00) |
| Qiu 1995[70] | 1990–1992 | Yunnan | HM | Ziyou | - | - | Dissection | 431 | 0(0.00) |
| 1990–1992 | Yunnan | HM | Banju | - | - | Dissection | 590 | 0(0.00) | |
| 1990–1992 | Yunnan | HM | Hedong | - | - | Dissection | 43 | 0(0.00) | |
| Su 1994[71] | 1989–1990 | Hubei | LM | - | - | - | Dissection and FE | 21 | 0(0.00) |
| Shen 1986[72] | 1981–1983 | Anhui | HM | - | - | - | Dissection | 584 | 0(0.00) |
Note
*The included articles were listed in the order of publication year.
Abbreviations: HM, Hilly and mountainous regions; LM, Lake and marshland regions. FE, the fecal examination Kato-katz for eggs. MHT, the miracidial hatching technique.