Table 1.

Evaluation of the mechanism of effects and herbs effective in reducing menopausal symptoms

Scientific name of the plant	Effective material	Mechanism of effect	Type of study	Source
Soya (Glycine max)	Contains isoflavones, genistein, daidzein, glycine,[31] and Lecithin[32]	Reduce hot flashes.[31] High-dose soy lecithin (120 mg /day) increases energy, decreases diastolic blood pressure, and cardiovascular and wrist index in middle-aged women.[32] Soya isoflavone reduces cardiovascular disease risk index.[33] Soya isoflavone improves menopausal symptoms.[34] Soya isoflavone increases bone mineral density in postmenopausal women.[35]	Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled.[31,32] Double-blind randomized parallel.[33] Pilot study.[34] Double-blind, single-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.[35]	[31,32,33,34,35]
Vitex agnus-castus	Vitex contains phytoestrogens, proximity to opioid receptors, and the ability to increase melatonin secretion[36]	Reduces menopausal disorder, anxiety, and vasomotor disorder.[36]	Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled.[36]	[36]
Passion flower	Increases serotonin levels and monoamine oxidase control[37]	Reduces early menopausal symptoms (vasomotor symptoms, insomnia, depression, anger, headache).[37]	Clinical-experimental study.[37]	[37]
Hypericum perporatum	Increases serotonin levels and monoamine oxidase control[37]	Reduces early menopausal symptoms (vasomotor symptoms, insomnia, depression, anger, headache).[37]	Clinical-experimental study.[37]	[37]
Flaxseed	Rich source of ligands, omega-3 fatty acids, and fiber[38]	Reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women by lowering LDL-C and total cholesterol.[38] Reduce Menopausal Symptoms.[39] Reduce hot flashes.[40]	Interventional study.[38] Placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial.[39] Meta-analysis review study.[40]	[38,39,40]
Valerian	Contains phytoestrogens[41,42]	Reduce hot flashes.[41,42] Reduce symptoms of Sleep Disorders.[43,44]	Clinical trial, triple-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled.[,44] Placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial.[43] Randomized, double-blind, and placebo control.[42]	[,42,43,44]
Melissa officinalis	GABA Neurotransmitter Inhibitors[45]	Reduce symptoms of sleep Disorders.[43]	Placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial.[43]	[45,43]
Licorice	Contains Phytoestrogens[46]	Reduce hot flashes.[47,48]	Double-blind randomized clinical trial.[47] Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.[48]	[,47,48]
Anise	Contains Phytoestrogens[49]	Reduce hot flashes.[49]	Placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial.[49]	[49]
Salvia officinallisor saga	Contains Phytoestrogens,[50] Benzodiazepine GABA complex connection, receptors in the brain[51]	Reduce hot flashes.[51,52]	Pilot study.[51] Controlled clinical trial.[52]	[50,51,52]
Medicago sativa	Contains isoflavonoids And have phytoestrogenic properties[53]	Reduce hot flashes and night sweats.[52]	Controlled clinical trial.[52]	[52,53]