Table 2.
Work-up of the patients included in this study
| Patient | Imaging | Biopsy performed | Biopsy diagnosis | Diagnosis |
| 1 | Plain film | None | Eosinophilic granuloma (presumptive) | |
| 2 | Plain film | None | Eosinophilic granuloma (presumptive) | |
| 3 | Plain film | Open biopsy | Eosinophilic granuloma | Eosinophilic granuloma |
| 4 | Plain film, CT, abdomen/pelvis MRI | Bone marrow biopsy, CT-guided spine | Undifferentiated malignant neoplasm | Primary germ cell tumor |
| 5 | Plain film, CT, MRI, skeletal survey | CT-guided biopsy | Nondiagnostic | Idiopathic |
| 6 | CT, skeletal survey | Orbital mass biopsy | Eosinophilic granuloma | Eosinophilic granuloma |
| 7 | MRI spine, skeletal scintigraphy | CT-guided biopsy | Positive for S-100 and negative for CD68 and LCA | Eosinophilic granuloma |
| 8 | Plain film | None | None | Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia |
| 9 | Plain film, MRI, skeletal survey | CT-guided and open biopsy | CD1a and Langerhans-negative | CRMO |
| 10 | Plain film, MRI, skeletal scintigraphy | CT-guided biopsy | Nondiagnostic | Eosinophilic granuloma (presumptive) |
| 11 | Plain film, MRI, skeletal survey, skeletal scintigraphy | CT-guided biopsy | Nondiagnostic | Eosinophilic granuloma (presumptive) |
| 12 | MRI | (A) CT-guided biopsy (B) Open biopsy |
(A) Nondiagnostic (B) Positive for CD1a and S100; LCA and KP-1-positive in macrophages |
Eosinophilic granuloma |
| 13 | CT, MRI | (A) CT-guided biopsy (B) Open biopsy |
(A) Nondiagnostic (B) Negative LCA, Langerhans staining |
Eosinophilic granuloma (presumptive) |
| 14 | Plain film, CT, MRI, skeletal survey | CT-guided biopsy | Positive for Langerhans, CD1A, S100, and CD68 | Eosinophilic granuloma |
| 15 | Plain film, CT, MRI, skeletal survey, skeletal scintigraphy | CT-guided biopsy | Acute and chronic inflammation with reactive or remodeling changes; negative Langerhans staining result | CRMO |
| 16 | Ultrasound, MRI, skeletal scintigraphy | Open biopsy | Teratoma | Sacral teratoma |
| 17 | Plain film, MRI, skeletal survey, skeletal scintigraphy | None | Eosinophilic granuloma (presumptive) | |
| 18 | Ultrasound, plain film, skeletal survey | None | Osteogenesis imperfecta | |
| 19 | Plain film, MRI, DEXA, skeletal scintigraphy | None | Idiopathic | |
| 20 | Plain film, MRI, CT | None | Idiopathic | |
| 21 | Plain film, MRI, CT | (A) CT-guided biopsy (B) Excisional biopsy |
(A) Nondiagnostic (B) Bland giant cell-rich lesion |
Giant cell tumor of the bone |
| 22 | Plain film | CT-guided biopsy | Nondiagnostic | CRMO |
| 23 | Plain film, CT, MRI |
Bone marrow biopsy | ALL | |
| 24 | Plain film, CT, MRI |
Bone marrow biopsy | ALL | |
| 25 | Plain film | Open biopsy | Langerhans, CD1A, S100, and CD68-positive | Eosinophilic granuloma |
| 26 | Plain film, skeletal survey | None | Osteogenesis imperfecta | |
| 27 | Plain film, CT, MRI | Open biopsy | Cytologic atypia, spindle cells | Rhabdomyosarcoma |
LCA = leukocyte common antigen; CRMO = chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis; DEXA = dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; ALL = acute lymphoblastic leukemia.