Table 4.
Comparison of skeletal, dental and soft tissue measurements by 4 different cephalometric analysis methods
| Measurements | CephX (cx) | CephX corrected (cxc) | CephNinja (cn) | Dolphin (d) | Manual (m) “ground truth” | p-value | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Min | Max | Mean ±SD | Min | Max | Mean ±SD | Min | Max | Mean ±SD | Min | Max | Mean ±SD | Min | Max | Mean ±SD | ||
| SKELETAL | ||||||||||||||||
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| SNA (°) | 73.6 | 87.2 | 79.9 ± 3.2 | 73.8 | 87.2 | 80 ± 3.2 | 73.7 | 86.7 | 79.6 ± 3 | 72.4 | 89.7 | 79.6 ± 3.4 | 75 | 86 | 79.8±2.8 | NS |
| SNB (°) | 69.6 | 84.4 | 76.6 ± 3.2 | 70 | 84.4 | 76.7 ± 3.6 | 69.6 | 84.6 | 76.3 ± 3.6 | 69.1 | 87.7 | 76.5±4.4 | 70.5 | 84.5 | 76.6±3.4 | NS |
| ANB (°) | −2.2 | 8.2 | 3.2 ± 2.5 | −2.3 | 8 | 3.3 ± 2.6 | −1.1 | 7.9 | 3.3 ± 2.5 | −1.4 | 8.1 | 3.3 ± 2.6 | −1 | 7,6 | 3.2±2.3 | NS |
| GoGn-SN (°)/GoMe-SN (°) | 28.3 | 55.4 | 40.3 ± 6.5 | 25.1 | 54.4 | 38.7 ± 6.6 | 20 | 53.6 | 34.7 ± 7 | 24.3 | 54.4 | 35.7 ± 7.1 | 20.8 | 51 | 33.8±6.9 | cx-cn**, cx-d*, cx-m** |
| DENTAL | ||||||||||||||||
| I-NA (°) | 17.6 | 38.5 | 27.2 ± 4.5 | 16.3 | 38.4 | 27.6 ± 5.5 | 11.2 | 34.8 | 24.3 ± 5.5 | 14.2 | 35 | 24 ± 5.9 | 15 | 36.3 | 25.3±5.4 | cx-d * cxc-m * |
| I-NA (mm) | 1 | 9.4 | 4.8 ± 1.8 | 1.7 | 9.2 | 5.1 ± 1.8 | 2.7 | 8.5 | 6 ± 1.4 | 1.1 | 8.4 | 4.9 ± 1.9 | 3 | 9.33 | 6.3±1.6 | cx-cn*, cx-m** cn-d*, d-m**, cxc-m ** |
| I-NB (°) | 10 | 33.5 | 22.5 ± 5.9 | 9.8 | 36.4 | 24.7 ± 6.4 | 11.3 | 43.2 | 27 ± 6.6 | 9.3 | 43.1 | 26.7 ± 7.5 | 12.3 | 40 | 26.8±6.5 | cx-cn*, cx-d*, cx-m* |
| I-NB (mm) | −0.7 | 9.4 | 4.9 ± 2.5 | −0.8 | 9 | 4.8 ± 2.4 | 1.2 | 9.2 | 5.7 ± 1.9 | −0.5 | 10.2 | 5.3 ± 2.5 | 0.8 | 9.5 | 5.8±1.9 | cxc-m * |
| I-I (°) | 112.7 | 144.9 | 126.9 ± 8.2 | 107.9 | 152 | 124.2±9.4 | 103.7 | 152.4 | 125.3 ± 10 | 101.2 | 155.2 | 125.8 ± 11.2 | 106.6 | 149.6 | 124.3±9.2 | NS |
| OCC-SN (°) | 9 | 24.7 | 16.4 ± 4.3 | 9.9 | 25.3 | 16.6±4.3 | 9.9 | 30.1 | 17.6 ± 4.1 | 6 | 27.7 | 17.7 ± 4.7 | 8.3 | 26.3 | 17.1±4.1 | NS |
| SOFT TISSUE | ||||||||||||||||
| UL E-line (mm) | −10.6 | 1.2 | −4.5 ± 3.4 | −9.9 | 0.9 | −4.2±3.1 | −9.3 | 1.9 | −4.1 ± 2.9 | −9.6 | 1.5 | −4.4 ± 3 | −9.33 | 1.33 | −4.24±2.9 | NS |
| LL E-line (mm) | −6.7 | 3.1 | −1.2 ± 3 | −7.2 | 3.7 | −1.1±3 | −7.5 | 4.1 | −1.1 ± 2.7 | −7.7 | 4.4 | −1.2 ± 2.9 | −8.1 | 3.8 | −1.4±2.8 | NS |
NS: Non-significant; CX: CephX; CN: CephNinja; D: Dolphin; M: Manual; Min: Minimum; Max: Maximum; SD: Standard deviation
*
p<0.05,
**
p<0.01,
***
p<0.001
GoGn-SN (°) / GoMe-SN (°): CephX uses the GoMe plane instead of GoGn
For the manual measurements, the “ground truth” values were used: the mean measurements of 3 examiners