Supplementary Table 1.
Characteristics of the Study Population
| n | Total (N = 235) | Survivors (n = 159) | Nonsurvivors (n = 76) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||||
| Lives alone | 235 | 102 (55.1) | 71 (55.5) | 31 (54.4) | >.99 |
| Formal help in ADL/IADL | 235 | 114 (48.5) | 79 (49.7) | 35 (46.1) | .68 |
| Uses public transport | 235 | 5 (2.2) | 3 (1.9) | 2 (2.7) | .90 |
| Place of living | 235 | .07 | |||
| Home | 235 | 172 (74.1) | 121 (77.6) | 51 (67.1) | |
| Nursing home | 235 | 49 (21.1) | 30 (19.2) | 19 (25.0) | |
| Enriched housing | 235 | 11 (4.7) | 5 (3.2) | 6 (7.9) | |
| Previous treatment | |||||
| NSAID | 235 | 19 (5.7) | 10 (4.4) | 9 (8.7) | .79 |
| Corticosteroids | 235 | 29 (8.7) | 20 (8.8) | 9 (8.7) | .13 |
| Immunosuppressants | 235 | 4 (1.2) | 3 (1.3) | 1 (1.0) | >.99 |
| ACEi/ARAII | 235 | 83 (25.0) | 58 (25.4) | 25 (24.0) | >.99 |
| Anticoagulant | 235 | 77 (23.2) | 54 (23.7) | 23 (22.1) | .89 |
| Symptoms | |||||
| Arthralgia | 235 | 13 (5.6) | 9 (5.7) | 4 (5.3) | >.99 |
| Agueusia | 235 | 3 (1.3) | 3 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) | .55 |
| Anosmia | 235 | 4 (1.7) | 2 (1.3) | 2 (2.6) | .60 |
| Sore throat | 235 | 7 (3.0) | 6 (3.8) | 1 (1.3) | .44 |
| Conjunctivitis | 235 | 2 (0.9) | 2 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | >.99 |
| Abdominal pain | 235 | 17 (7.3) | 11 (6.9) | 6 (8.0) | .79 |
| Chest pain | 235 | 10 (4.3) | 5 (3.2) | 5 (6.7) | .30 |
| Score | |||||
| CURB 65 | 235 | .036 | |||
| 1 | 48 (20.4) | 37 (23.3) | 11 (14.5) | ||
| 2 | 104 (44.3) | 72 (45.3) | 32 (42.1) | ||
| 3 | 73 (31.1) | 45 (28.3) | 28 (36.8) | ||
| 4 | 8 (3.4) | 3 (1.9) | 5 (6.6) | ||
| 5 | 2 (0.9) | 2 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Clinical Status | |||||
| BMI | 235 | .31 | |||
| <20 | 235 | 48 (22.3) | 35 (23.8) | 13 (19.1) | |
| 20-24.9 | 235 | 79 (36.7) | 56 (38.1) | 23 (33.8) | |
| 25-29.9 | 235 | 53 (24.7) | 32 (21.8) | 21 (30.9) | |
| 30+ | 235 | 35 (16.3) | 24 (16.3) | 11 (16.2) | |
| Vital signs | |||||
| SO2, % | 235 | 93.0 ± 4.1 | 93.4 ± 3.7 | 92.3 ± 4.9 | .08 |
| BP systolic_min, mmHg | 235 | 111.3 ± 21.9 | 112.6 ± 21.9 | 108.5 ± 21.9 | .18 |
| BP diastolic_min, mmHg | 235 | 55.5 ± 13.5 | 54.9 ± 14.2 | 56.7 ± 11.8 | .31 |
| BP systolic_max, mmHg | 235 | 148.0 ± 23.5 | 148.4 ± 22.2 | 147.1 ± 26.2 | .72 |
| Laboratory | |||||
| Arterial pH | 150 | 7.4 ± 0.1 | 7.4 ± 0.1 | 7.4 ± 0.1 | .84 |
| Paco2, kPa | 150 | 4.7 ± 1.0 | 4.8 ± 1.0 | 4.6 ± 1.1 | .45 |
| Pao2, kPa | 150 | 9.6 ± 5.9 | 9.3 ± 3.6 | 10.2 ± 8.3 | .43 |
| Lactates, IU/L | 134 | 1.5 ± 1.0 | 1.3 ± 0.8 | 1.7 ± 1.2 | .05 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 232 | 119.4 ± 21.8 | 121.2 ± 21.4 | 115.8 ± 22.3 | .09 |
| Hematocrit, % | 232 | 35.5 ± 6.0 | 35.9 ± 5.7 | 34.8 ± 6.4 | .20 |
| Leukocytes, 109/L | 232 | 7.1 ± 4.1 | 6.8 ± 3.7 | 7.8 ± 4.8 | .14 |
| Thrombocytes <150 109/L | 53 | 53 (22.6) | 22 (29.3) | 31 (19.5) | .10 |
| Thrombocytes ≥150 109/L | 181 | 181 (77.4) | 128 (80.5) | 53 (80.5) | |
| 25-hydroxy vitamin D, IU/L | 102 | 57.8 ± 25.7 | 57.7 ± 25.6 | 58.2 ± 26.7 | .93 |
| AST, U/L | 208 | 43.0 ± 54.4 | 36.1 ± 23.2 | 58.0 ± 89.6 | .06 |
| ALT, U/L | 209 | 28.5 ± 56.2 | 24.2 ± 15.5 | 37.8 ± 97.3 | .26 |
| Thromboplastin time | 142 | 33.6 ± 14.4 | 32.4 ± 14.7 | 36.4 ± 13.6 | .12 |
| Chest radiograph | |||||
| Pleural effusion | 225 | 53 (23.8) | 31 (20.5) | 22 (30.6) | .13 |
| Consolidation | 225 | 17 (7.6) | 8 (5.2) | 9 (12.5) | .06 |
ADL/IADL, activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blockers; ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Data are expressed as n (%) or mean ± standard deviation. P values were calculated by Fisher exact test, t test, or Mann-Whitney U test according to variable type.