Table 1.

Metabolic syndrome definitions and criteria

Clinical parameter	WHO (1998)	EGIR (1999)	ATP III (2001)	AACE (2003)	IDF (2005)
Obesity/body fat distribution	Waist/hip ratio >0.90 in men, >0.85 in women; or BMI >30 kg/m2	Waist circumference ≥94 cm in men, ≥80 cm in women	Waist circumference >102 cm in men, >88 cm in women.	BMI ≥25 kg/m2	Waist circumference ≥94 cm in men, ≥80 cm in women
Insulin resistance/ hyperglycemia	IGT, IFG, T2DM, or other evidence of insulin resistance	Hyperinsulinemia (plasma insulin >75th percentile)	Fasting glucose ≥110 mg/dL (6.1 mmol/L)	Fasting glucose ≥110 mg/dL (6.1 mmol/L)	Fasting glucose ≥100 mg/ dL (5.5 mmol/L), T2DM
Triglyceridemia	≥150 mg/dL (1.7 mmol/L)	≥ 177 mg/dL (2.0 mmol/L)	≥ 150 mg/dL (1.7 mmol/L)	> 150 mg/dL (1.7 mmol/L)	> 150 mg/dL (1.7 mmol/L) or on treatment
Cholesterol	HDL-C <35 mg/dL (0.9 mmol/L) in men or <39 mg/dL (1.0 mmol/L) in women	HDL-C <39 mg/dL (1.0 mmol/L)	HDL-C <40 mg/dL in men (1.0 mmol/L); <50 mg/dL (1.3 mmol/L) in women	HDL-C <40 mg/dL (1.0 mmol/L) in men; <50 mg/dL (1.3 mmol/L) in women	HDL-C <40 mg/dL (1.0 mmol/L) in men; <50 mg/dL (1.3 mmol/L) in women; or on treatment
Blood pressure	≥140/90 mmHg	≥140/90 mmHg or on treatment	>130/85 mmHg	≥130/85 mmHg	>130/85 mmHg or on treatment
Other	Microalbuminuriaa			Other features of insulin resistanceb

^aMicroalbuminuria defined as urinary albumin excretion ≥70 μg/min or albumin/creatine ratio ≥30 mg/g.

^bFamily history of T2DM, hypertension, or CVD; polycystic ovary syndrome; sedentary lifestyle; advancing age; ethnic groups having high risk for T2DM or CVD.

AACE: American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists; ATP III: National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III Report; BMI: body mass index; EGIR: European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; IDF: International Diabetes Federation; IGT: impaired glucose tolerance; IFG: impaired fasting glucose; T2DM: type II diabetes mellitus; WHO: World Health Organization.