Table 1.

Clinical data during disease course.

	Patient 1			Patient 2			Patient 3			Patient 4
	Admission	Exacerbation	Progression	Admission	Exacerbation	Recovery	Admission	Exacerbation	Recovery	Admission	Exacerbation	Recovery
Date	17-Jan	26-Jan	16-Feb	21-Jan	26-Jan	6-Feb	25-Jan	27-Jan	13-Feb	30-Jan	3-Feb	15-Feb
Vital sign
Heart rate	67	42	88	95	68	72	82	66	84	110	58	72
Respiratory rate	30	12 (muscle relaxation)	20 (sedation)	16	29	18	17	35	22	18	32	19
Blood pressure, mmHg	105/65	92/52	110/60	123/85	84/57	125/65	126/76	90/60	100/60	126/90	105/60	106/62
Temperature, oC	37.5	36.4	36.5	38	36.5	36.7	37.8	38.6	36.5	37.9	38.5	36.5
SpO2, %	92	94	99	95	92	97	96	88	96	97	86	98
Oxygen support	HFNC (50 L/min, FiO2 40%)	Mechanical ventilation + VV-ECMO	Mechanical ventilation + VV-ECMO	Room air	HFNC (45 L/min, FiO2 45%)	Nasal cannula	Room air	Mechanical ventilation	HFNC (25 L/min, FiO2 45%)	Room air	HFNC (40 L/min, FiO2 50%)	Nasal cannula
PaO2/FiO2	220.5	64.2	187.5	467.6	184.4	329.4	455.7	61.27	302	452.9	208	371.4
PaCO2, mmHg	29.4	44.3	45	42.3	40.9	41.4	36.4	27.8	41.9	36.9	35.2	35.9
pH	7.402	7.412	7.316	7.372	7.379	7.421	7.42	7.494	7.442	7.406	7.378	7.415
Lactic acid, mmol/L	1.9	1.5	2.2	1.8	3.2	1.1	2	2.4	1.4	2.4	1.7	2
White blood cell count, ×109/L	9.9	9.24	19.52	6.2	8.25	4.59	4.7	6.34	6.26	4.77	4.9	4.05
Neutrophil cell count, ×109/L	9.49	7.94	14.42	4.31	7.38	2.16	2.94	4.1	3.87	3.47	3	2.42
Lymphocyte count, ×109/L	0.3	0.59	1.98	1.48	0.45	1.77	1.08	1.73	1.33	0.88	1.7	1.04
Procalcitonin, ng/mL	<0.1	0.73	1.12	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	<0.1	0.17	0.1	0.19	<0.1	0.15
C-reactive protein, mg/L	154.3	206.2	102.96	58.17	11.64	2.18	17.07	59.28	5.68	46.15	105.34	9.17
Total bilirubin, μmol/L	6.3	47.56	21.77	9.4	16.12	11.1	8.64	33.81	7.46	11.2	25.08	7.46
Albumin, g/L	32.9	38.8	51.3	41.1	35.4	42.8	39.5	35.2	41.9	40.8	38.5	43.5
Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L	351	286	745	271	260	166	177	283	229	203	399	196
Creatine kinase, U/L	32	28	71	47	41	24	123	167	24	108	463	50
Troponin I, ng/mL	<0.01	0.024	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
B-type natriuretic Peptide, pg/mL	1210	4657	3100	263	1660	122	34	2820	66	171	2780	411
Creatinine, μmol/L	76	94.4	135.4(CRRT)	52	48.4	61.4	71.5	70.8	53.5	80.8	74	64.8
Prothrombin time, s	14.3	15.7	14.1	16.5	11.4	11.1	12.6	13.3	13.1	13.1	12.5	11.7
Activated partial thromboplastin time, s	30.4	29.7	40.7	29.6	25.5	26.9	34.9	38.1	29.6	32.7	32.2	28.3
D-dimer, mmol/L	460	17,308	1575	93	253	130	415	392	2954	89	111	472
Potassium, mmol/L	3.7	4.02	4.95	3.7	3.9	4.16	3.44	3.25	3.74	3.47	3.38	4.0
Sodium, mmol/L	136	141	138	138	142	143	135	133	135	137	141	137
SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR
Nasal or throat swab	+	+	+	+	+	–	+	+	–	+	+	–
Blood	–	+	–	–	+	–	–	+	–	–	+	–
Stool	–	+	+	–	+	–	–	+	+	–	+	+
Urine	/	+	+	–	–	–	/	–	–	–	–	–
Pleural effusion	/	+	+	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/
Corticosteroid therapy	80 mg Methylprednisolone on dayb 6			500 mg Methylprednisolone on day 8			500 mg Methylprednisolone on day 6			250 mg Methylprednisolone on day 7
Duration of positive SARS-CoV-2 tested in blood	10 days			2 days			3 days			3 days
Duration of Excerbationa	Persistant			11 days			15 days			12 days
Prognosis	Progress			Recovery			Recovery			Recovery

^aDuration of exacerbation: time to recover from hemodynamic instability and PaO2/FiO2 less than 300.

^bDays were counted from admission.