Table 3.
Characteristics Associated with Prescribed Opioid Use in the Past 30 Days
| Opioid Use - Yes5 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Level | N all | n | % | LCL | UCL | |
| OVERALL | OVERALL | 4487 | 321 | 6.4 | 5.5 | 7.3 | |
| Sex | Male | 1956 | 135 | 6.4 | 4.9 | 7.9 | |
| Female | 2531 | 186 | 6.4 | 5.2 | 7.6 | ||
| Age (years) | 21–49 | 2214 | 133 | 5.4 | 4.3 | 6.6 | * |
| 50–74 | 2273 | 188 | 7.7 | 6.3 | 9.1 | ||
| BMI (kg/m^2) | <=29 | 2626 | 143 | 4.6 | 3.6 | 5.6 | * |
| 30+ | 1802 | 169 | 9.0 | 7.1 | 11.0 | ||
| Racial and Hispanic Status | White (non-Hispanic) | 3863 | 255 | 5.8 | 4.9 | 6.8 | * |
| Black (Hispanic, non- Hispanic) | 235 | 28 | 11.5 | 6.6 | 16.3 | ||
| Hispanic (not Black) | 138 | 12 | 9.8 | 3.1 | 16.4 | ||
| Other (none of the above) | 251 | 26 | 8.8 | 3.9 | 13.7 | ||
| Marital Status | Single / never married | 721 | 52 | 6.1 | 4.2 | 7.9 | * |
| Married / living with partner | 3048 | 182 | 5.4 | 4.4 | 6.4 | ||
| Widowed | 156 | 18 | 10.0 | 3.7 | 16.3 | ||
| Divorced / separated | 557 | 69 | 12.5 | 8.7 | 16.2 | ||
| Education Level | High School or less | 1182 | 115 | 8.7 | 6.6 | 10.8 | * |
| Some College or Associate Degree | 1708 | 143 | 7.4 | 5.7 | 9.0 | ||
| Bachelor’s degree or more | 1595 | 63 | 3.6 | 2.1 | 5.2 | ||
| Smoking Status | Current | 774 | 101 | 11.9 | 8.9 | 14.9 | * |
| Former | 1216 | 100 | 7.3 | 5.5 | 9.0 | ||
| Never | 2424 | 112 | 4.1 | 3.1 | 5.1 | ||
| Employment Status | Employed | 2955 | 146 | 4.8 | 3.8 | 5.7 | * |
| Not Employed & looking for work | 270 | 20 | 6.5 | 2.8 | 10.1 | ||
| Not Employed & not looking for work | 1248 | 152 | 11.3 | 9.0 | 13.7 | ||
| 200% Poverty Level | Below | 1212 | 141 | 10.2 | 8.1 | 12.3 | * |
| Above | 3102 | 167 | 4.9 | 3.9 | 5.8 | ||
| Any Health Insurance in the Past 12 Months | No | 302 | 25 | 6.9 | 3.7 | 10.1 | |
| Yes | 4175 | 296 | 6.4 | 5.4 | 7.4 | ||
| Rural/Urban Classification | Urban | 2298 | 183 | 7.5 | 6.1 | 9.0 | * |
| Suburban | 735 | 49 | 6.1 | 3.7 | 8.6 | ||
| Rural | 1454 | 89 | 4.5 | 3.1 | 6.0 | ||
| Region of WI (DHS health regions) | Southeast | 1349 | 123 | 8.5 | 6.5 | 10.5 | * |
| South | 843 | 39 | 4.1 | 2.5 | 5.7 | ||
| West | 873 | 71 | 8.1 | 5.3 | 10.8 | ||
| North | 551 | 35 | 6.0 | 3.7 | 8.2 | ||
| Northeast | 871 | 53 | 4.3 | 2.7 | 5.9 | ||
| Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Diagnosis1,2 | No | 3321 | 213 | 6.2 | 5.2 | 7.2 | * |
| Yes | 451 | 63 | 10.9 | 7.6 | 14.2 | ||
| Number of Alcoholic Drinks per Week | 0 | 1525 | 162 | 10.4 | 8.4 | 12.5 | * |
| 1–7 | 1724 | 85 | 4.3 | 3.2 | 5.5 | ||
| 8–14 | 477 | 26 | 4.0 | 2.3 | 5.6 | ||
| 15+ | 370 | 20 | 5.9 | 2.1 | 9.7 | ||
| Doctor-Diagnosed Alcohol Abuse1 | No | 3797 | 260 | 6.4 | 5.4 | 7.4 | * |
| Yes | 155 | 28 | 14.8 | 7.5 | 22.0 | ||
| Doctor-Diagnosed Drug Abuse1 | No | 3880 | 271 | 6.4 | 5.4 | 7.4 | * |
| Yes | 72 | 17 | 22.1 | 9.5 | 34.7 | ||
| SF12: General Health Fair/Poor | No | 3879 | 181 | 4.3 | 3.5 | 5.1 | * |
| Yes | 531 | 131 | 23.1 | 18.8 | 27.3 | ||
| Any Chronic Condition3 | No | 2506 | 102 | 4.3 | 3.3 | 5.4 | * |
| Yes | 1897 | 214 | 9.5 | 8.0 | 11.1 | ||
| Depression4 | No | 3465 | 213 | 6.0 | 5.0 | 7.1 | * |
| Yes | 304 | 58 | 14.5 | 9.9 | 19.0 | ||
Abbreviations: LCL = 95% lower confidence limit, UCL=95% upper confidence limit
This question was first asked starting in 2010.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) diagnosis is based on scoring 14 or higher on the 6-item PCL-C Civilian version.
Any chronic condition includes: heart attack or angina, stroke or TIA, diabetes, asthma, chronic bronchitis or emphysema, rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis, or cancer.
Depression is determined from the first two items from the PHQ-9 depression screener which asks about the frequency of depressed mode and anhedonia over the past two weeks.
Individuals with more than 1 opioid prescription in the last 30 days were counted only once
Chi-square p-value < 0.05 for comparison of opioid use within participant characteristic