Table 4.

Changes in biomarkers of insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity postoperatively, mean ± SEM.

	NG (n = 25)	PreDM (n = 46)	T2DM (n = 28)	P-value
IGF-I (SD) pre-operative	− 1.0 ± 0.3	− 0.8 ± 0.2	− 1.3 ± 0.3	Ns
IGF-I (SD) 1-year post-op	− 0.7 ± 0.2	− 1.0 ± 0.2	− 0.5 ± 0.3	Ns
Differences compared to pre-op	ns	ns	p = 0.015
IGFBP-1 pre-op (µg/L)	17.8 ± 2.1	18.2 ± 2.0	21.1 ± 2.7	ns
IGFBP-1 1-year post-op (ug/L)	49.0 ± 4.5	49.0 ± 4.2	51.4 ± 5.3	ns
Differences compared to pre-op	P < 0.001	P < 0.001	P < 0.001
Leptin pre-operative (µg/L)	37.6 ± 3.3	39.0 ± 3.5	35.3 ± 3.0	ns
Leptin 1-year post-op (µg/L)	12.0 ± 2.3	11.7 ± 1.5	13.8 ± 2.2	ns
Differences compared to pre-op	P < 0.001	P < 0.001	P < 0.001
Adiponectin pre-operative (mg/L)	7.9 ± 0.5 (8.3, 3.7–13.3)	7.6 ± 0.6 (6.4, 1.4–19.1)	6.5 ± 0.6 (5.5, 2.3–15.9)	P = 0.062
Adiponectin 1-year post-op (mg/L)	15.9 ± 1.1	13.9 ± 1.0	12.4 ± 1.0	ns
Differences compared to pre-op	P < 0.001	P < 0.001	P < 0.001

NG normal glucose levels, PreDM prediabete, T2DM type 2 diabetes, ns not significant.