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. 2020 Sep 15;10:14750. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-72010-w

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(A) Overall distribution of pan-Neotropical naïve defaunation (inset shows the linear relationship between the naïve and adjusted defaunation) paired with the (B) Adjusted defaunation and observed adjusted defaunation and an example of ranked defaunation rates for some iconic mammal species (from bottom to top: Dasyprocta azarae, Cerdocyon thous, Panthera onca, Tapirus terrestris and Myrmecsophaga tridactyla); and (C) the distribution of assemblage-scale values of the 95th percentile of body mass in both historical and contemporary assemblages across the Neotropical realm represented by their respective distributions (vertical bars) and polynomial smoothed functions (curves). The maps were generated using R 3.5.3⁵² (https://www.r-project.org/).