Table 2.

Clinicopathological characteristics in patients with and without hyperprogressive disease.

		HPD patients (n = 30)	Non-HPD patients (n = 106)	HPD rate (%)	P value
Age (years)	<70	13	42	23.6	0.72
	≥70	17	64	21.0
Sex	Male	25	82	23.4	0.48
	Female	5	24	17.2
Performance status	0–1	23	97	19.2	0.026
	2–3	7	9	43.8
BMI (kg/m2)	<20	11	52	17.5	0.23
	≥20	19	54	26.0
Histology*	Differentiated	20	71	22.0	0.92
	Undifferentiated	10	34	22.7
History of gastrectomy	Yes	15	67	18.3	0.19
	No	15	39	27.8
Number of previous chemotherapy regimens	2	18	58	23.7	0.76
	3	7	32	17.9
	≥4	5	16	23.8
Liver metastasis	Yes	23	31	42.6	<0.001
	No	7	75	8.5
Lung metastasis	Yes	2	10	16.7	0.64
	No	28	96	22.6
Lymph node metastasis	Yes	12	62	16.2	0.073
	No	18	44	29.0
Peritoneum metastasis	Yes	10	31	24.4	0.67
	No	20	75	21.1
NLR	<2.4	14	53	20.9	0.75
	≥2.4	16	53	23.2
CRP (mg/dL)*	<1.0	18	80	18.4	0.080
	≥1.0	12	25	32.4
PD-L1 TPS	<1	24	77	23.8	0.42
	≥1	6	29	17.1
PD-L1 CPS	<1	14	36	28.0	0.20
	≥1	16	70	18.6
PD-L1 CPS	<5	22	62	26.2	0.14
	≥5	8	44	15.4
PD-L1 CPS	<10	27	77	26.0	0.048
	≥10	3	29	9.4
MMR	Proficient	27	88	23.5	0.35
	Deficient	3	18	14.3

^*Data not available for one patient.

HPD hyperprogressive disease, BMI body mass index, NLR neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, CRP C-reactive protein, PD-L1 programmed death-ligand 1, TPS tumour-positive score, CPS combined positive score, MMR mismatch repair.