Table 1.
Participant characteristics.
| Characteristic |
No back pain in the past month (n = 22) |
Back pain in the past month (n = 14) |
P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 34 (25–42) | 30 (27–36) | 0.6 |
| Males, n (%) | 14 (64) | 8 (57) | 0.7 |
| Ethnicity (Caucasian/Asian/Other) | 2/17/3 | 4/8/2 | 0.3 |
| Physical activity (IPAQ-METs score) | 3,104 (1,180–4,868) | 1908 (615–3,510) | 0.4 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.9 (28.0–32.4) | 30.9 (28.2–34.5) | 0.3 |
| WHR | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | 1.1 (0.9–1.2) | 0.5 |
| Insulin sensitivity (M, mg/kg/min) | 5.7 (4.0–7.7) | 5.6 (3.9–8.6) | 0.8 |
| Vitamin D (25(OH)D, nmol/L) | 32.5 (22.8–42.8) | 26.0 (18.5–34.3) | 0.2 |
| Calcium (mmol/L) | 2.3 (2.3–2.4) | 2.3 (2.2–2.4) | 0.5 |
| Phosphate (mmol/L) | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) | 1.0 (1.0–1.2) | 0.1 |
| PTH (pmol/L) | 4.6 (4.1–6.2) | 5.7 (4.1–6.6) | 0.4 |
| BMD (g/cm2) | 1.2 (1.2–1.3) | 1.3 (1.2–1.4) | 0.3 |
| hsCRP (mg/L) | 1.6 (1.0–3.1) | 3.7 (1.0–6.3) | 0.2 |
| Calprotectin (μg/g) | 10.5 (4.9–28.5) | 11.0 (4.9–35.5) | 0.8 |
| Adiponectin (μg/ml) | 3.5 (1.5–8.1) | 1.1 (2.0–22.4) | 0.1 |
| Leptin (ng/ml) | 2.3 (1.5–9.2) | 8.8 (1.5–26.4) | 0.15 |
| Adipsin (ng/ml) | 690.4 (448.8–889.3) | 1240.0 (600.5–3073.0) | 0.06 |
| Resistin (ng/ml) | 0.5 (0.3–1.0) | 0.4 (0.3–1.2) | 0.8 |
Data are presented as median (IQR), all comparisons made with Mann-Whitney U-tests. BMD, bone mineral density; BMI, body mass index; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; IPAQ-METs, international physical activity questionnaire- multiples of the resting metabolic rate; PTH, parathyroid hormone; WHR, waist-hip ratio.