Table 3.
Overview of the reported outcome of different sperm extraction methods in non-mosaic Klinefelter patients
| Reference | Patients (n) |
Age (years) |
Retrieve type | SSR | Sperm count (× 106) | Fertility preservation | ART result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ulug et al. 2003 [90] | 12 | mean 33.4 |
Spermatozoa Spermatozoa round |
1/12 ejaculate 6/11 TESE 4/11 TESE |
/ | / |
The pregnancy rate per ET = 27.2% 2 singleton; 1triplet |
| Chiang et al. 2004 [153] | 14 | 21–39 | Spermatozoa |
2/14 ejaculate 8/13 TESE |
/ | / |
Clinical pregnancy rate = 75%, live delivery rate = 62.5% |
| Wikstrom et al. 2004 [37] | 14 | 10–14 |
Spermatozoa Spermatogonia |
0/14 TESE 7/14 TESE |
/ | / | / |
| Okada et al. 2005 [95] | 51 | 25–43 | Spermatozoa |
0/51 ejaculate 26/51 TESE |
/ | / |
Clinical pregnancy rate = 46%, 8 singleton; 2 twin |
| Schiff et al. 2005 [154] | 42 | Mean 32.8 | Spermatozoa | 29/42 mTESE | / | / |
Clinical pregnancy rate = 46%, 21 live births |
| Koga et al. 2007 [155] | 26 | 28–45 | Spermatozoa |
0/26 ejaculate 13/26 mTESE |
/ | / |
Clinical pregnancy rate = 31%, 2 singleton |
| Ferhi et al. 2008 [156] | 27 | 25–42 | Spermatozoa |
0/27 ejaculate 0/3 TESA 8/24 TESE |
/ | / |
Clinical pregnancy rate = 50% 3 singleton; 2 twin |
| Yarali et al. 2009 [157] | 33 | Mean 32.0 | Spermatozoa | 22/39TESE | / | Testicular tissue |
Clinical pregnancy rate = 39%, Live birth rate/embryo transfer = 28% |
| Bakircioglu et al. 2011 [158] | 106 | Mean 34.3 | spermatozoa |
0/106 ejaculate 50/106 mTESE |
/ | / | Clinical pregnancy rate = 53%, spontaneous abortion rate = 12% |
| Gies et al. 2012 [80] | 7 | 10–16 |
Spermatozoa Spermatogonia |
0/7 ejaculate 0/7 mTESE 4/7 mTESE |
/ | / | / |
| Rives et al. 2013 [159] | 5 | 15–17 |
Spermatozoa elongated |
1/5 TESE 1/5 TESE |
/ | Testicular tissue | / |
| Mehta et al. 2013 [18] | 10 | 14–22 | Spermatozoa | 7/10 mTESE | 0.01–2 | / | / |
| Greco et al. 2013 [160] | 38 | Mean 35.3 | Spermatozoa |
0/38 ejaculate 14/38 TESE 1/38 mTESE |
/ |
Straws-CBS Straws-CBS |
16 babies/26 ICSI cycle |
| Sabbaghian et al. 2014 [161] | 134 | Mean 32.6 | Spermatozoa |
0/134 ejaculate 38/134 mTESE |
Cryotubes |
Live birth/embryo transfer rate = 13% 3 singleton; 1 twin |
|
| Madureira et al. 2014 [74] | 65 | 24–46 | Spermatozoa | 25/65 TESE | / | Straws-L' Aigle |
Clinical pregnancy rate = 44.4%, 11 singleton; 3 twin |
| Plotton et al. 2015 [162] |
41 25 16 |
15–39 15–23 25–39 |
Spermatozoa |
0/41 ejaculate 13/25 TESE 10/16 TESE |
/ |
Straws-CBS Straws-CBS |
/ |
| Rohayem et al. 2015 [50] |
50 85 |
13–19 (adolescent) 20–61 (adult) |
Spermatozoa Spermatozoa elongated |
1/29 ejaculate 19/50 mTESE 0/82 ejaculate 26/85 mTESE 4/85 mTESE |
< 0.1 | / | / |
| Majzoub et al. 2015 [163] | 43 | Mean 32.9 | Spermatozoa |
0/43 ejaculate 6/20 mTESE 0/23 TESE |
/ | / |
Clinical pregnancy rate = 50% 1 singleton; 2 twin |
| Nahata et al. 2016 [61] | 15 | 12–25 | Spermatozoa |
0/15 ejaculate 5/10 mTESE |
/ | / | / |
| Chihara et al. 2017 [164] | 5 | Mean 33.6 | Spermatozoa |
0/5 ejaculate 2/5 mTESE |
/ | / |
Clinical pregnancy rate = 50% 1 singleton |
| Ozer et al. 2018 [165] | 108 | Mean 32.7 | Spermatozoa |
0/108 ejaculate 21/108 mTESE |
/ | Cryotubes |
Clinical pregnancy rate = 35.4% Spontaneous abortion rate = 6.7% |
SSR, successful sperm retrievals; TESE, testicular sperm extraction; mTESE, microsurgical testicular sperm extraction; TESA: testicular sperm aspiration