Table 5.
Overview of the reported outcome of different representative sperm activation methods
| Study ID | Activation method | Retrieval methoed | No. of immotile sperm | No. of live sperm | Fertilization rate | ETs | ART result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Terriou et al. 2000 | Pentoxifylline |
TESE or MESAor PESA |
/ / / |
/ / / |
45.2% | 20 |
Clinical pregnancy rate= 30%, Two deliveries of healthy children and four ongoing pregnancies |
| Soares et al. 2003 | STFT | Ejaculated | / | / | 40/132(30.3%) | 9 | Clinical pregnancy rate = 11.12% |
| Ma´tya´s et al. 2004 |
STFT HOST |
TESE TESE |
/ / |
/ / |
66.9% 52.3% |
30 6 |
Clinical pregnancy rate= 17.5% |
| Oliveira et al. 2004 | STFT |
TESE (frozen-thawed) TESE(fresh) |
/ / / |
/ / |
65.7% 73.4% |
Clinical pregnancy rate/cycle = 33.3%, 5 singleton |
|
| Montjean et al. 2004 |
Pentoxifylline HOST |
Ejaculated Ejaculated |
/ / |
/ / |
3/15 (20%) 5/17 (29.4%) |
2 2 |
Clinical pregnancy rate= 25%, 1 singleton |
| Aktan et al. 2004 |
LAISS HOST |
TESE Ejaculated TESE Ejaculated |
/ / / / |
/ / / / |
45.4% 64.2% 20.4% 49.5% |
/ / / / |
Take-home baby rate/cycle =19.0 %, Take-home baby rate/cycle =5.9%, Take-home baby rate/cycle =28.0%, Take-home baby rate/cycle =16.7% |
| Tal et al. 2005 | STFT | Ejaculated | / | / | 27/49 (55.1%) | 5 |
Clinical pregnancy rate= 20%, 1 singleton |
| Sallam et al. (2005) | HOST | TESE | / | / | 129/296 (43.6%) | 44 |
Clinical pregnancy rate =27.3%, Ongoing pregnancy rates=20.5% |
| KOVACˇ IC et al. 2006 | Pentoxifylline |
TESA TESE |
/ / |
/ / |
219/332(66%) | 47 | Clinical pregnancy rate= 38.3% |
| Gerber et al. 2008 |
LAISS HOST |
Ejaculated Ejaculated |
/ / |
/ / |
4/7 (57%) 2/4 (50%) |
1 1 |
1 singleton, no pregnancy was achieved |
| Mangoli et al. 2010 |
Pentoxifylline HOST |
TESE TESE |
/ / |
/ / |
193/311 (62.05%) 138/336 (41.07%) |
25 25 |
Clinical pregnancy rate =32%, Clinical pregnancy rate = 16% |
| Nordhoff et al. 2012 | LAISS | TESE | / | / | 292/554 (52.7%) | 57 | / |
| Terriou et al. 2015 |
Papaverine Pentoxifylline |
TESE or MESA |
/ / |
/ / |
/ / |
/ / |
Motility after Pentoxifylline=23%, Motility after Papaverine=27% |
| Navas et al. 2017 | Pentoxifylline |
Testicular Epididymal Ejaculated |
/ / / |
/ / / |
/ / / |
/ / / |
82 singletons; 20 twins |
| Huanhua Chen et al. 2017 | LAISS |
TESE Ejaculated |
5811 2991 |
2888 (49.7%) 663 (22.2%) |
139/173 (80.3%) 37/47 (78.7%) |
/ / |
/ / |
| Yi-Fan Gu et al. 2018 | SperMagic medium |
TESE Ejaculated |
/ / |
/ / |
415/506 (82%) 291/355 (81.7%) |
45 32 |
Clinical pregnancy rate= 68%, 45 live births |
| Ozkavukcu et al. 2018 | LAISS | Ejaculated | / | / | 45.5% | 1 | Live births of healthy triplets |
| Huanhua Chen et al. 2019 |
Eosin-nigrosin test LAISS |
TESE Ejaculated TESE Ejaculated |
421 946 436 920 |
88 (20.9%) 660 (69.8%) 0 (0%) 212 (23%) |
TESE (87.0%) ejaculate (81.8%) |
2 |
Clinical pregnancy rate=50%, 1 singleton |
HOST: hypo-osmotic swelling test; STFT: sperm tail flexibility test; LAISS: laser assisted immotile sperm selection; ETs: Embryo transfer cycles; TESA: Testicular sperm extraction; MESA: Microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration; PESA: percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration