Table 3.

Baseline characteristics associated with early-onset heart failure

	Unadjusted			Adjusted
	OR	95% CI	p-value	OR	95% CI	p-value
Demographics
Age of SLE onset
25–44 years old	-	-	-	-	-	-
18–24 years old	1.5	[1.0, 2.2]	0.06	1.7	[1.1, 2.8]	0.02
5–17 years old	0.6	[0.3, 1.2]	0.14	0.5	[0.2, 1.3]	0.14
Male sex	1.3	[0.9, 1.8]	0.18	-	-	-
Race/ethnicity
White	-	-	-	-	-	-
Black	2.0	[1.4, 2.9]	<0.01	1.5	[1.0, 2.2]	0.03
Hispanic	0.8	[0.5, 1.2]	0.28	0.7	[0.4, 1.2]	0.24
Asian	0.8	[0.3, 1.7]	0.51	0.9	[0.4, 2.1]	0.82
Region
Midwest	-	-	-	-	-	-
Northeast	0.5	[0.3, 0.9]	0.02	0.4	[0.2, 0.8]	0.01
South	1.0	[0.7, 1.4]	0.87	0.9	[0.6, 1.3]	0.44
Pacific	0.7	[0.4, 1.2]	0.18	0.7	[0.4, 1.2]	0.23
Higher household education†	0.7	[0.5, 1.0]	0.03
Initial SLE Characteristics
Myopericarditis	7.6	[4.9, 11.8]	<0.01	4.0	[2.3, 6.9]	<0.01
Endocarditis/valve insufficiency	3.3	[2.4, 4.6]	<0.01	2.2	[1.5, 3.2]	<0.01
APLS/VTE*	3.1	[2.1, 4.4]	<0.01	1.9	[1.3, 3.0]	<0.01
Nephritis	3.8	[2.6, 5.5]	<0.01	2.0	[1.3, 3.0]	<0.01
Cerebrovascular event	1.7	[1.1, 2.8]	0.02
Seizure	1.9	[1.2, 3.1]	0.01
Pyschiatric diagnosis	0.8	[0.6, 1.1]	0.26	0.7	[0.5, 1.0]	0.04
Traditional Cardiovascular Risk factors
Hypertension	3.7	[2.8, 4.9]	<0.01	2.3	[1.6, 3.2]	<0.01
Diabetes	2.3	[1.5, 3.5]	<0.01	1.5	[1.0, 2.4]	0.08
Obesity	1.4	[0.9, 2.0]	0.11
Hyperlipidemia	1.4	[1.1, 1.9]	0.02
Current/prior tobacco use	1.5	[1.0, 2.2]	0.05
Coronary artery disease	5.0	[2.6, 9.5]	<0.01
Initial Medication Use
Hydroxychloroquine	0.3	[0.2, 0.5]	<0.01	0.3	[0.2, 0.5]	<0.01
Glucocorticoids	1.0	[0.8, 1.4]	0.76
Other immunosuppressants	0.9	[0.6, 1.5]	0.79

Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models estimating associations between baseline characteristics in SLE patients age < 45 and early-onset heart failure (n=198) occurring ≤ 6 months after SLE diagnosis. Covariates were assessed until the first HF diagnosis or 6 months after SLE diagnosis, whichever occurred first.

^†Some bachelor level education or more

^*Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome / venous thromboembolism