Table 4.
Baseline characteristics associated with delayed-onset heart failure
| Unadjusted | Adjusted | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | p-value | OR | 95% CI | p-value | |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age of SLE onset | ||||||
| 25–44 years old | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 18–24 years old | 0.5 | [0.3, 0.9] | 0.01 | 0.7 | [0.4, 1.1] | 0.15 |
| 5–17 years old | 0.3 | [0.1, 0.6] | <0.01 | 0.3 | [0.1, 0.7] | 0.01 |
| Male sex | 1.3 | [1.0, 1.7] | 0.07 | |||
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| White | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Black | 2.1 | [1.6, 2.8] | <0.01 | 1.5 | [1.1, 2.0] | 0.01 |
| Hispanic | 1.0 | [0.7, 1.4] | 0.95 | 0.9 | [0.6, 1.3] | 0.47 |
| Asian | 0.9 | [0.5, 1.6] | 0.61 | 0.9 | [0.5, 1.7] | 0.70 |
| Region | ||||||
| Midwest | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Northeast | 1.4 | [0.9, 2.1] | 0.14 | 1.5 | [0.9, 2.3] | 0.10 |
| South | 1.7 | [1.2, 2.4] | <0.01 | 1.5 | [1.0, 2.1] | 0.03 |
| Pacific | 1.1 | [0.7, 1.7] | 0.76 | 1.3 | [0.8, 2.1] | 0.23 |
| Higher household education† | 0.7 | [0.5, 0.9] | <0.01 | 0.8 | [0.6, 1.0] | 0.11 |
| Initial SLE Characteristics | ||||||
| Myopericarditis | 3.9 | [2.5, 6.3] | <0.01 | 2.0 | [1.2, 3.3] | 0.01 |
| Endocarditis/valve insufficiency | 2.6 | [1.9, 3.4] | <0.01 | 1.3 | [1.0, 1.8] | 0.07 |
| aPLS/VTE* | 2.2 | [1.6, 3.0] | <0.01 | 1.4 | [1.0, 1.9] | 0.07 |
| Nephritis | 4.3 | [3.3, 5.7] | <0.01 | 2.3 | [1.7, 3.1] | <0.01 |
| Cerebrovascular event | 2.7 | [2.0, 3.7] | <0.01 | 1.5 | [1.0, 2.1] | 0.03 |
| Seizure | 1.8 | [1.2, 2.6] | 0.01 | |||
| Pyschiatric diagnosis | 1.3 | [1.0, 1.6] | 0.02 | |||
| Traditional Cardiovascular Risk factors | ||||||
| Hypertension | 5.1 | [4.1, 6.4] | <0.01 | 3.1 | [2.4, 4.1] | <0.01 |
| Diabetes | 3.1 | [2.3, 4.2] | <0.01 | 1.4 | [1.0, 2.0] | 0.03 |
| Obesity | 2.0 | [1.5, 2.6] | <0.01 | |||
| Hyperlipidemia | 1.9 | [1.5, 2.3] | <0.01 | |||
| Current/prior tobacco use | 1.6 | [1.2, 2.2] | <0.01 | |||
| Coronary artery disease | 7.8 | [5, 12.1] | <0.01 | 2.5 | [1.5, 4.1] | <0.01 |
| Initial Medication Use | ||||||
| Hydroxychloroquine | 1.0 | [0.8, 1.3] | 0.82 | |||
| Glucocorticoids | 1.9 | [1.5, 2.3] | <0.01 | 1.5 | [1.2, 2.0] | <0.01 |
| Other immunosuppressants | 2.2 | [1.7, 2.8] | <0.01 | |||
Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models estimating associations between baseline characteristics in SLE patients age < 45 and delayed-onset heart failure (n=325) occurring > 6 months after SLE diagnosis. Baseline characteristics were assessed from 12 months before SLE diagnosis up to the index date (6 months after SLE diagnosis). Subjects with early-onset HF at SLE diagnosis were excluded from this analysis.
†
Some bachelor level education or more
*
Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome / venous thromboembolism