Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics by METH group
| Variable | HIV-/METH-(n=23) | HIV-/METH+(n=35) | HIV+/METH-(n=22) | HIV+/METH+(n=45) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 40.8 (11.82) | 39.0 (9.34) | 44.1 (9.48) | 40.0 (7.44) | 0.225 |
| Sex (male), n (%) | 22 (95.7%) | 33 (94.3%) | 20 (90.9%) | 43 (95.6%) | 0.890 |
| Education (years), mean (SD)** | 12.8 (1.95) | 11.4 (2.35) | 12.6 (2.32) | 13.2 (1.73) | 0.002 |
| Estimated premorbid verbal IQ, mean (SD) | 97.6 (15.47) | 93.4 (12.96) | 96.9 (10.32) | 96.7 (10.97) | 0.542 |
| Race/Ethnicity | 0.062a | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White, n (%) | 12 (52.2%) | 21 (60.0%) | 11 (50.0%) | 35 (77.8%) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black, n (%) | 7 (30.4%) | 6 (17.1%) | 6 (27.3%) | 3 (6.7%) | |
| Hispanic, n (%) | 2 (8.7%) | 7 (20.0%) | 4 (18.2%) | 4 (8.9%) | |
| Other, n (%) | 2 (8.7%) | 1 (2.9%) | 1 (4.6%) | 3 (6.7%) | |
| Medical Comorbidities | |||||
| Hepatitis C virus, n (%)* | 2 (8.7%) | 8 (22.9%) | 8 (38.1%) | 17 (37.8%) | 0.037 |
| Hypertension, n (%)** | 6 (26.1%) | 1 (2.9%) | 6 (28.6%) | 3 (6.7%) | 0.005 |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%)*** | 1 (4.3%) | 1 (2.9%) | 8 (38.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 2 (8.7%) | 1 (2.9%) | 2 (9.5%) | 2 (4.4%) | 0.590 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), mean (SD)** | 27.9 (4.89) | 28.5 (4.75) | 24.8 (3.51) | 25.5 (3.11) | 0.001 |
| Neuropsychiatric Characteristics | |||||
| Lifetime Major Depressive Disorder, n (%)* | 6 (26.1%) | 13 (38.2%) | 7 (33.3%) | 28 (62.2%) | 0.014 |
| BDI score, median [IQR]*** | 1 [0, 6] | 10 [2.5, 18] | 8 [5, 15.5] | 13 [5.5, 19.5] | <0.001 |
| Antidepressant use, n (%)** | 6 (26.1%) | 4 (11.4%) | 11 (50%) | 20 (44.4%) | 0.002 |
| On SSRI, n (%)* | 4 (17.4%) | 1 (2.9%) | 6 (27.3%) | 10 (22.2%) | 0.029 |
| On SNRI, n (%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (4.6%) | 0 (0%) | 0.176 |
| On tricyclic, n (%) | 4 (17.4%) | 3 (8.6%) | 3 (13.6%) | 13 (28.9%) | 0.125 |
| On atypical, n (%)* | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (18.2%) | 2 (4.4%) | 0.011 |
| Lifetime alcohol use disorder, n (%) | 11 (47.8%) | 24 (70.6%) | 13 (61.9%) | 31 (68.9%) | 0.299 |
| Current alcohol use disorder, n (%) | 1 (4.3%) | 1 (3.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.2%) | 1.000 |
| Lifetime cannabis use disorder, n (%) | 8 (34.8%) | 19 (55.9%) | 9 (42.9%) | 20 (44.4%) | 0.451 |
| Current cannabis use disorder, n (%) | 1 (4.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.2%) | 0.808 |
| Lifetime cocaine use disorder, n (%) | 4 (17.4%) | 14 (41.2%) | 5 (23.8%) | 16 (35.6%) | 0.194 |
| Lifetime opioid use disorder, n (%) | 1 (4.3%) | 6 (17.6%) | 2 (9.5%) | 3 (6.7%) | 0.358 |
| Lifetime non-METH substance use disorder, n (%) | 17 (73.9%) | 29 (85.3%) | 14 (66.7%) | 38 (84.4%) | 0.288 |
| Current tobacco use, n (%)* | 7 (30.4%) | 18 (54.6%) | 5 (23.8%) | 25 (56.8%) | 0.021 |
| HIV Disease Characteristics | |||||
| AIDS diagnosis, n (%)* | - | - | 16 (76.2%) | 22 (48.9%) | 0.033 |
| Duration of HIV infection (years), median [IQR] | - | - | 9 [5, 12] | 5 [2, 14] | 0.222 |
| Current CD4 count (cells/mm3), median [IQR] | - | - | 435 [245, 589] | 410 [330, 601] | 0.554 |
| Nadir CD4 count (cells/mm3), median [IQR] | - | - | 138 [25, 251] | 212 [67, 396] | 0.165 |
| Detectable plasma HIV RNA, n (%)*** | - | - | 3 (14.3%) | 29 (67.4%) | <0.001 |
| On ART, n (%) | - | - | 18 (90.0%) | 33 (73.3%) | 0.111 |
| ART nonadherent, n (%)* | - | - | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (18.8%) | 0.016 |
| METH Use Parameters | |||||
| Lifetime days of use, median [IQR]* | 2780 [992, 4485] | 1340 [748, 2795] | 0.030 | ||
| Lifetime grams consumed, median [IQR] | 2542 [466, 5761] | 1060 [416, 2654] | 0.106 | ||
| Lifetime daily use (grams/day), median [IQR] | 0.91 [0.31, 1.46] | 0.61 [0.35, 1.59] | 0.885 | ||
| Days since last use, median [IQR] | 91 [23, 304] | 95 [39, 182] | 0.658 | ||
| Age of first use, mean (SD)* | 21.6 (7.93) | 26.0 (6.90) | 0.012 |
Note.
***
p<.001,
**
p<.01,
*
p<.05. ART= antiretroviral therapy; BDI-II= Beck Depression Inventory version two; SSRI= selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; SNRI= serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
a
Represents group differences in percentage of non-Hispanic White