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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Oct 15.
Published in final edited form as: J Neurol Sci. 2020 Jul 18;417:117049. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117049

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4.

VEGF-A accumulates in cerebellum of veterans with blast-related mTBI.

Cerebellar postmortem specimens from veterans and active duty servicemembers with blast-related (TBI1–3) and two controls with no known TBI history (see Results, 3.5) were immunostained for VEGF-A (green), calbindin (red) that stains Purkinje cell bodies/processes, and caveolin (blue), which stains vascular endothelial cells. In distinction to controls (A-H), in the TBI cases (I-T), VEGF-A immunostaining was associated with microvascular profiles (caveolin-positive) (white arrow heads). In keeping with previous findings [52], prominent Purkinje cell body VEGF-A expression was observed, thereby supporting the specificity of the VEGF-A immunostaining, but did not reliably distinguish the mTBI and control cases. Scale bars = 50 μm.