Table 4.

Psychological impacts (IES-R score) related to COVID-19 of participants.

Characteristics	n	%
IES-R score interpretation
Normal	1,037	72.9
Low PTSS (PTSD clinical concern)	233	16.4
Moderate PTSS (Probable PTSD diagnosis)	76	5.3
Extreme	77	5.4
	Mean	SD
Intrusion (Score range: 0–32)	8.9	5.6
Any reminder brought back feelings about it	2.3	1.0
I had trouble staying asleep	0.9	1.0
Other things kept making me think about it	1.3	1.0
I thought about it when I did not mean to	0.8	0.9
Pictures about it popped into my mind	1.6	1.1
I found myself acting or feeling like I was back at stressful life  events	0.7	0.9
I had waves of strong feelings about it	1.1	1.0
I had dreams about it	0.2	0.5
Avoidance (Score range: 0–32)	4.4	4.3
I avoided letting myself get upset when I thought about it	1.0	1.0
I felt as if it had not happened or wasn’t real	0.4	0.9
I stayed away from reminders of it	0.4	0.7
I tried not to think about it	0.6	0.9
I was aware that I still had a lot of feelings about it, but I did not  deal with them	0.5	0.8
My feelings about it were kind of numb	0.4	0.7
I tried to remove it from my memory	0.5	0.8
I tried not to talk about it	0.5	0.8
Hyperarousal (Score range: 0–24)	4.3	3.8
I felt irritable and angry	0.6	0.9
I was jumpy and easily startled	0.6	0.9
I had trouble falling asleep	0.5	0.8
I had trouble concentrating	0.6	0.8
Reminders of it caused me to have physical reactions	0.2	0.6
I felt watchful and on-guard	1.7	1.2
IE S-R score (Score range: 0–88)	17.5	11.5

Cronbach’s alpha of domains Intrusion, Avoidance, Hyperarousal, and IES-R scale were 0.87; 0.80; 0.80; and 0.91, respectively.