Table 5.

The duration of retrograde flow (RT) in the great saphenous vein (GSV) of lower limbs (n = 60 each) in children with myelomeningocele (MMC group) and typical developing children (TD group).

Position	GSV segment	RT (s) MMC (n = 60)			RT (s) TD (n = 60)			Statistical tests P-values
		Mean (sd)	Median	Range	Mean (SD)	Median	Range
HP	P1	0.22 (0.08)	0.20	0.00–0.70	0.04 (0.04)	0.00	0.00–0.12	U = 1.29; P = 0.003
	P2	0.18 (0.08)	0.16	0.00–0.50	0.06 (0.04)	0.00	0.00–0.12	U = 1.29; P = 0.003
	P3	0.27 (0.06)	0.25	0.00–0.50	0.09 (0.04)	0.00	0.00–0.13	U = 3.52; P < 0.001
	P4	0.24 (0.11)	0.22	0.00–0.50	0.06 (0.05)	0.00	0.00–0.12	U = 1.12; P < 0.001
VP	P1	0.29 (0.11)	0.27	0.00–0.50	0.04 (0.05)	0.03	0.00–0.10	U = 3.60; P < 0.001
	P2	0.27 (0.21)	0.25	0.00–0.50	0.04 (0.04)	0.00	0.00–0.10	U = 3.52; P < 0.001
	P3	0.46 (0.16)	0.44	0.00–1.00	0.08 (0.04)	0.00	0.00–0.30	U = 3.60; P < 0.001
	P4	0.36 (0.16)	0.32	0.00–1.50	0.06 (0.04)	0.00	0.00–0.20	U = 3.60; P < 0.001

HP, Horizontal position; VP, vertical position; GSV, great saphenous vein; P1, proximal thigh level; P2, medial thigh level; P3, upper leg level; P4, lower leg level. U = Mann–Whitney test for independent samples.

Means (SD), median, and range of the outcome (95% CI) and comparison between the groups (statistical tests and P-values).