Figure 3.

VOC-mediated effects on Arabidopsis root development, examined in a vertical setup using a selection of Serendipita isolates. (A, B) Root and shoot growth stimulation of plants grown on ½ MS without sucrose after four (A) and eight (B) days of co-cultivation with isolates 30, 46 and S. indica cultured on PDA. Photographs of the entire plates for all tested isolates are included in Supplementary Figure S8. (C–E) Average primary root length (C), total lateral root length (D), and lateral root density (number of lateral roots per cm of primary root; E), measured per plant after 4 and 8 days of VOC exposure. Error bars indicate standard errors on the mean of the different treatments, based on three (4 DPI) or five (8 DPI) replicates. For each parameter and for both evaluation moments, values were compared across the different treatments using a Tukey HSD post hoc test (α = 0.05); treatments sharing the same letter above their respective bars do not exhibit statistically significant differences. The corresponding data on total root length (primary plus lateral roots) and shoot fresh weight are given in Supplementary Figures S9 and S10. Con, Control; DPI, days post “inoculation” (start of co-cultivation); Is., Isolate; N°, Number; Si, Serendipita indica; Sw, Serendipita williamsii.