Table 6.

Risk factors for renal endpoint determined by univariate/multivariate COX hazard analysis in DKD.

Parameters	Univariate		Multivariate
	HR (95% CI)	p-value	HR (95% CI)	p-value
Age	0.969 (0.943, 0.996)	0.024	0.947 (0.914, 0.982)	0.003
Sex, male	0.873 (0.382, 1.991)	0.746	0.883 (0.371, 2.103)	0.778
Duration of diabetes	0.979 (0.931, 1.028)	0.393	1.058 (0.995, 1.126)	0.073
Diabetic retinopathy	0.834 (0.411, 1.692)	0.615	–
Diabetic neuropathy	0.117 (0.015, 0.888)	0.038	0.057 (0.006, 0.557)	0.014
HbA1c	0.906 (0.735, 1.118)	0.358	–
Urinary protein	1.161 (1.096, 1.230)	<0.001	–
eGFR	0.992 (0.980, 1.005)	0.227	0.994 (0.982, 1.007)	0.387
Serum creatinine	1.007 (1.003, 1.011)	0.001	–
Serum C4	1.059 (1.021, 1.098)	0.002	1.020 (0.971, 1.072)	0.423
Serum C3	1.024 (1.007, 1.043)	0.007	1.015 (0.991, 1.040)	0.222
Glomerular C4c intensity, per +	1.505 (1.061, 2.135)	0.022	1.584 (1.001, 2.508)	0.0497
Combined serum and glomerular C4	1.477 (1.116, 1.955)	0.006	–
Combined glomerular C4c and C3c	0.809 (0.603, 1.085)	0.157	–
Combined glomerular C4c and C1q	0.777 (0.594, 1.018)	0.067	–
Combined glomerular C4c and IgG	0.768 (0.569, 1.035)	0.083	–
Combined glomerular C4c and IgM	0.704 (0.509, 0.973)	0.033	–
Glomerular class	1.113 (0.778, 1.593)	0.557	–
Interstitial inflammation, per +	1.946 (1.102, 3.435)	0.022	1.210 (0.505, 2.9)	0.668
IFTA, per +	1.402 (0.973, 2.020)	0.069	–
Vascular lesion	1.180 (0.828, 1.681)	0.359	–

eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, Hemoglobin A1c; Scr, serum creatine; IFTA, interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy; C1q, complement 1q; C3, complement 3; C4, complement 4; IgG, immunoglobulin G; IgM, immunoglobulin M; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.

The p value with statistics significant (two-tailed p < 0.05) in the tables were marked bold. Other bold values were parameters for different classification.