Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2020 Sep 2;8:848. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00848

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2020 Thévenod, Lee and Garrick.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

Effects of Fe and Cd on mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). (A) Sources of physiological ROS from mitochondria and their release into the cytosol. (B) Fe increase mitochondrial ROS formation and potentially inhibits antioxidants. (C) Cd inhibits the electron transport chain, binds GSH as well as decreases antioxidant enzyme activity to augment mitochondrial ROS generation. See text for further details. 2-OADC, 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase complexes; AQP, aquaporin; CAT, catalase; cytc, cytochrome c; ETC, electron transport chain; GSH, glutathione; IMS, intermembrane space; NOX4, NADPH oxidase 4; PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase; SOD, superoxide dismutase; SUOX, sulfite oxidase; ubi, ubiquinone; VDAC, voltage-dependent anion channel.