Table 1. Characteristics of graduates and dropouts according to the types of student financial support.

		Graduates and dropouts
		(n = 3,170)
		Types of student financial support
		None		Student loans		Scholarships		Both types
		(n = 1,826, 62.2%)		(n = 994, 33.8%)		(n = 66, 2.2%)		(n = 51, 1.7%)
		n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Total amounts of student loan debt (million yen)	Low (>0 to <2.0)	—		208	26.8	—		10	23.3
	Middle (2.0 to 4.0)	—		380	49.0	—		18	41.9
	High (≥4.0)	—		187	24.1	—		15	34.9
Source of student loans	Japan Student Services Organization	—		889	89.4	—		47	92.2
	Others	—		105	10.6	—		4	7.8
Covariates
Age, years	20–24	233	12.8	186	18.7	17	25.8	11	21.6
	25–29	740	40.5	437	44.0	23	34.8	26	51.0
	30–34	853	46.7	371	37.3	26	39.4	14	27.5
Sex	Women	1,017	55.7	524	52.7	42	63.6	28	54.9
	Men	809	44.3	470	47.3	24	36.4	23	45.1
Educational attainment	4-year university	1,630	89.3	852	85.7	51	77.3	37	72.5
	6-year university	42	2.3	18	1.8	1	1.5	1	2.0
	Master’s or doctorate’s degrees	154	8.4	124	12.5	14	21.2	13	25.5
Sources of the enrolled university	Public	365	21.8	249	28.6	15	28.8	9	23.7
	Private	1,307	78.2	621	71.4	37	71.2	29	76.3
Father’s educational attainment	Less than university	573	34.3	438	50.0	22	34.4	20	43.5
	University and higher	1,098	65.7	438	50.0	42	65.6	26	56.5
Mother’s educational attainment	Less than university	1,139	68.0	705	77.6	42	67.7	33	66.0
	University and higher	535	32.0	203	22.4	20	32.3	17	34.0
Current parents’ annual household income (million yen)	High (≥6.0)	378	34.3	156	24.3	13	29.5	8	22.2
	Middle (3.0 to 6.0)	441	40.0	261	40.7	20	45.5	16	44.4
	Low (>0 to 3.0)	251	22.8	207	32.2	8	18.2	11	30.6
	None (0)	33	3.0	18	2.8	3	6.8	1	2.8
Dependent variable
Severe psychological distress, K6 score ≥13	Having severe psychological distress	214	11.7	146	14.7	7	10.6	7	13.7
Psychological distress (K6 score; mean and standard deviation)		5.3	5.7	6.0	5.9	6.1	5.6	6.0	5.8