Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics (Stratification Based on Predelivery PCS Scores)
| Low Pain-Catastrophizing Group (PCS <25), n=463 |
High Pain-Catastrophizing Group (PCS ≥25), n=342 |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 30.0±4.1 | 29.3±4.5 | 0.0361 |
| Race | 0.0040 | ||
| Chinese | 275 (59.4) | 189 (55.3) | — |
| Malay | 61 (13.2) | 32 (9.4) | — |
| Indian | 60 (13.0) | 76 (22.2) | — |
| Other | 67 (14.5) | 45 (13.2) | — |
| Weight (kg) | 69.9±11.3 | 69.7±11.1 | 0.8288 |
| Height (cm) | 1.6±0.1 | 1.6±0.1 | 0.1541 |
| BMI at term (kg/m2) | 27.3±4.4 | 27.7±4.8 | 0.3505 |
| ASA physical status | 0.0928 | ||
| I | 398 (86.0) | 279 (81.6) | — |
| II | 65 (14.0) | 63 (18.4) | — |
| Gravida | 1.2±0.5 | 1.2±0.6 | 0.8827 |
| Gestational age (weeks) | 37.8±1.7 | 37.6±2.4 | 0.3212 |
Notes: Values expressed as means ± SD or n (%); p-values generated via χ2 tests for categorical variables or t-tests for continuous variables.
Abbreviations: ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; PCS, Pain Catastrophizing Scale.