Table 2.
Obstetric Characteristics (Stratification Based on Predelivery PCS Scores)
| Low Pain-Catastrophizing Group (PCS <25), n=463 |
High Pain-Catastrophizing Group (PCS ≥25), n=342 |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mode of labor onset | 0.2025 | ||
| Spontaneous | 241 (52.1) | 158 (46.2) | — |
| Prostin | 141 (30.5) | 123 (36.0) | — |
| Artificial rupture of membranes | 81 (17.5) | 61 (17.8) | — |
| Duration of second stage of labor (min) | 58.6±59.2 | 65.4±65.1 | 0.1315 |
| Duration of third stage of labor (min) | 4.8±5.7 | 6.6±16.4 | 0.0440 |
| Birth weight (g) | 3120.3±366.3 | 3105.5±397.5 | 0.5880 |
| Birth length (cm) | 49.2±2.0 | 49.0±1.9 | 0.1632 |
| Head circumference (cm) | 33.6±1.3 | 33.5±1.2 | 0.2331 |
| Sex | 0.8338 | ||
| Male | 247 (53.4) | 185 (54.1) | — |
| Female | 216 (46.7) | 157 (45.9) | — |
| Apgar score (1 min) | 9 (2 to 9) | 9 (1 to 9) | 0.0921 |
| Apgar score (5 min) | 9 (3 to 9) | 9 (1 to 9) | 0.3287 |
| Placenta weight (g) | 604.7±126.7 | 598.4±115.7 | 0.4681 |
| Mode of delivery | 0.3221 | ||
| Normal vaginal | 254 (54.9) | 204 (59.7) | — |
| Instrumental (vacuum/forceps) | 73 (15.8) | 53 (15.5) | — |
| Cesarean | 136 (29.4) | 85 (24.9) | — |
| Neonate resuscitation | |||
| No | 153 (33.1) | 113 (33.0) | 0.9989 |
| Suction | 302 (65.2) | 218 (63.7) | 0.6634 |
| Bag and mask | 2 (0.4) | 6 (1.8) | 0.0615 |
| Intubation | 1 (0.2) | 3 (0.9) | 0.1872 |
| Patient satisfaction (0–100)a | 90.5±9.3 | 89.1±11.4 | 0.0711 |
Notes: Values expressed as means ± SD, medians (range), or n (%); p-values generated via χ2 tests for categorical variables or t-tests for continuous variables. aFor this variable, there were 28 (6.1%) missing data from the low pain–catastrophizing group and 23 (6.7%) missing data from the high pain-catastrophizing group.
Abbreviation: PCS, Pain Catastrophizing Scale.