Table 3.
Pain Characteristics (Stratification Based on Predelivery PCS Scores)
| Low Pain Catastrophizing Group (PCS <25), n=463 |
High Pain Catastrophizing Group (PCS ≥25), n=342 |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analgesia prior to receiving epidural analgesia | 0.0709 | ||
| Nil | 197 (46.7) | 122 (39.1) | — |
| Entonox | 206 (48.8) | 179 (57.8) | — |
| Pethidine | 19 (4.5) | 11 (3.5) | — |
| Preblock pain score (0–10)a | 6.2±2.7 | 6.7±2.6 | 0.0094 |
| Number of anesthetists | 0.0082 | ||
| 1 | 440 (95.0) | 309 (90.3) | — |
| 2 | 21 (4.5) | 33 (9.7) | — |
| 3 | 2 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | — |
| Number of attempts at epidural insertion | 1.2±0.5 | 1.2±0.5 | 0.7366 |
| Total time taken for epidural insertion (mins)b | 7.4±4.8 | 8.1±5.7 | 0.0638 |
| Postblock pain score (0–10) | 0.2±0.8 | 0.2±0.8 | 0.7556 |
| Breakthrough pain | 95 (20.5) | 98 (28.7) | 0.0075 |
| Required repeat procedure | 5 (1.1) | 4 (1.2) | 1 |
Notes: Values expressed as means ± SD or n (%); p-values generated via χ2 test for categorical variables or t-tests for continuous variables. aFor this variable, there were 53 (11.5%) missing data from the low pain-catastrophizing group and 29 (8.5%) missing data from the high pain-catastrophizing group. bFor this variable, there were 15 (3.2%) missing data from the low pain catastrophizing group and nine (2.6%) missing data from the high pain-catastrophizing group.
Abbreviation: PCS, Pain Catastrophizing Scale.