Table 4.
Psychological Characteristics (Stratification Based on Predelivery PCS Scores)
| Characteristics | Low Pain-Catastrophizing Group (PCS <25), n=463 |
High Pain-Catastrophizing Group (PCS ≥25), n=342 |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Predelivery | |||
| PSS (0–40) | 14.3±5.4 | 17.0±5.5 | <0.0001 |
| STAI — state anxiety (20–80) | 35.1±9.1 | 39.0±10.3 | <0.0001 |
| STAI — trait anxiety (20–80) | 34.5±7.7 | 39.6±9.2 | <0.0001 |
| STAI — total score (40–160) | 69.6±15.4 | 78.7±18.0 | <0.0001 |
| EPDS (0–30) | 6.5±3.9 | 8.6±4.7 | <0.0001 |
| Postdelivery (5–9 weeks) | |||
| STAI — state anxiety scorea | 28.7±8.4 | 31.4±9.6 | 0.0009 |
| STAI — trait anxiety scorea | 30.4±8.8 | 34.2±10.1 | <0.0001 |
| STAI — total scorea | 59.2±16.2 | 65.6±19.1 | <0.0001 |
| EPDS (0–30)b | 2.9±3.9 | 4.0±4.5 | 0.0046 |
Notes: Values expressed as means ± SD; p-values generated via t-tests. aFor these variables, there were 153 (33%) missing data from the low pain-catastrophizing group and 136 (39.8%) missing data from the high pain-catastrophizing group due to loss of follow-up. bFor this variable, there were 152 (32.8%) missing data from the low pain-catastrophizing group and 138 (40.4%) missing data from the high pain-catastrophizing group due to loss of follow-up.
Abbreviations: EPDS, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; PCS, Pain Catastrophizing Scale; PSS, Perceived Stress Scale; STAI, State–Trait–Anxiety Inventory.