Table 2.
The mRNA Expression and Protein Level of Fibrogenic Markers and CC-Chemokines, Intra-and Inter-Groups’ Comparisons
| Inter-Groups’ NHBFCs vs DHBFCs Comparisons | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fibrogenic Markers | TGF-β1 or TNF-α-IL-1β-NHBFCs vs TGF-β1 or TNF-α-IL-1β-DHBFCs | 1,25(OH)2D3-TGF-β1 or TNF-α-IL-1β-NHBFCs vs 1,25(OH)2D3-TGF-β1 or TNF-α-IL-1β-DHBFCs | ||
| mRNA Expression (Mean Difference ± SEM) | p-values | mRNA Expression (Mean Difference ± SEM) | p-values | |
| FN 1 | 3 ± 1.2 | > 0.05 | 0.77 ± 0.3 | > 0.05 |
| LUM | 0.35 ± 0.16 | > 0.05 | 0.22 ± 0.17 | > 0.05 |
| BGN | 4.425 ± 0.8 | 0.045 | 1.77 ± 0.4 | 0.008 |
| COL5A1 | 0.88 ± 0.3 | > 0.05 | 0.26 ± 0.19 | > 0.05 |
| MMP2 | 0.47 ± 0.07 | > 0.05 | 0.05 ± 0.06 | > 0.05 |
| TIMP1 | 0.27± 0.1 | > 0.05 | 2.9 ± 0.29 | 0.0009 |
| CCL2 | 72.13 ± 19 | 0.03 | 20.98 ± 5.7 | > 0.05 |
| CCL5 | 519 ± 86 | 0.019 | 149.4 ± 25.64 | 0.025 |
| CCL11 | 5.9 ± 2.3 | 0.04 | 3.1 ± 0.37 | 0.028 |
| a | Protein levels (Mean difference ± SEM) | p- values | Protein levels (Mean difference ± SEM) | p- values |
| Fibronectin 1 | 330.2 ± 62.7 | 0.018 | 131 ± 36 | 0.02 |
| Lumican | 3693 ± 500.6 | 0.008 | 2140 ± 600 | 0.02 |
| MCP1 | 163.9 ± 34.09 | 0.03 | 47 ± 27.2 | > 0.05 |
| RANTES | 50.8 ± 65 | > 0.05 | 1.632 ± 93 | > 0.05 |
| Eotaxin-1 | 101.2 ± 20 | 0.0065 | 76.16 ± 16 | 0.045 |
| Intra-groups’ NHBFCs or DHBFCs vs unstimulated NHBFCs comparisons | ||||
| Fibrogenic Markers | TGF-β1 or TNF-α-IL-1β-NHBFCs vs 1,25(OH)2D3-TGF-β1 or TNF-α-IL-1β-NHBFCs | TGF-β1 or TNF-α-IL-1β-DHBFCs vs 1,25(OH)2D3-TGF-β1 or TNF-α-IL-1β-DHBFCs | ||
| mRNA expression (Mean difference ± SEM) | p- values | mRNA expression (Mean difference ± SEM) | p- values | |
| FN 1 | 1.65 ± 0.25 | 0.045 | 3.4 ± 0.59 | 0.036 |
| LUM | 0.85 ± 0.15 | 0.0005 | 0.96 ± 0.14 | 0.0025 |
| BGN | 2.6 ± 0.25 | 0.0043 | 5.3 ± 0.45 | 0.0016 |
| COL5A1 | 0.95 ± 0.18 | 0.001 | 1.6 ± 0.42 | 0.0086 |
| MMP2 | 0.6 ± 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.93 ± 0.12 | 0.0025 |
| TIMP1 | 3.4 ± 0.17 | 0.0001 | 0.66 ± 0.1 | 0.05 |
| CCL2 | 29.1 ± 9.4 | 0.045 | 80.3 ± 5.7 | 0.001 |
| CCL5 | 74 ± 12.3 | 0.001 | 494 ± 56 | 0.031 |
| CCL11 | 1.05 ± 0.5 | 0.05 | 3.8 ± 1.37 | 0.04 |
| Protein levels (Mean difference ± SEM) | p- values | Protein levels (Mean difference ± SEM) | P- values | |
| Fibronectin 1 | 51.82 ± 31.3 | > 0.05 | 250 ± 55.3 | 0.03 |
| Lumican | 246.7 ± 89.9 | > 0.05 | 1800 ± 607 | 0.045 |
| MCP1 | 76.9 ± 60 | > 0.05 | 193 ± 34 | 0.013 |
| RANTES | 209 ± 42 | 0.045 | 258 ± 75 | 0.04 |
| Eotaxin-1 | 6.2 ± 5.1 | > 0.05 | 62.31 ± 16 | 0.038 |
Notes: HBFCs were stimulated by TGF-β1 or TNF-α-IL-1β (10 ng/mL each cytokine), in the presence or absence of 50 nM of 1,25(OH)2D3. mRNA expression of fibrogenic markers/CC-chemokines in HBFCs was quantified by RT-qPCR, while protein quantification in HBFCs’ culture media was performed by ELISA. Italic p- values represent not significant (ns) difference, where p > 0.05.
Abbreviation: SEM, standard error of the mean.