Table 1.
Association between antihistamine use and ovarian cancer–specific mortality: use of CAD antihistamines compared with non-CAD antihistamine use as an active comparator (upper panel), and compared with nonuse of any antihistamines (lower panel)
| Analysis | Antihistamine use | No. | Events | HR (95% CI)* | HR (95% CI)† |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1-y baseline | Non-CAD antihistamine‡ | 346 | 168 | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) |
| CAD antihistamine§ | 138 | 58 | 0.77 (0.57 to 1.05) | 0.74 (0.51 to 1.06) | |
| Cumulative amount (/100 DDD)‖ | 0.92 (0.76 to 1.12) | ||||
| 3-y baseline | Non-CAD antihistamine‡ | 304 | 111 | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) |
| CAD antihistamine§ | 133 | 37 | 0.74 (0.51 to 1.09) | 0.63 (0.40 to 0.99) | |
| Cumulative amount (/100 DDD)‖ | 0.95 (0.85 to 1.05) | ||||
| 1-y baseline | Nonuse | 4591 | 2213 | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) |
| Antihistamine (any)¶ | 484 | 226 | 1.06 (0.92 to 1.22) | 0.97 (0.84 to 1.12) | |
| CAD antihistamine§ | 138 | 58 | 0.86 (0.66 to 1.11) | 0.80 (0.61 to 1.04) | |
| Non-CAD antihistamine‡ | 346 | 168 | 1.15 (0.99 to 1.35) | 1.05 (0.89 to 1.23) | |
| 3-y baseline | Nonuse | 2524 | 863 | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) |
| Antihistamine (any)¶ | 437 | 148 | 1.05 (0.88 to 1.25) | 0.90 (0.75 to 1.08) | |
| CAD antihistamine§ | 133 | 37 | 0.81 (0.58 to 1.12) | 0.71 (0.50 to 0.99) | |
| Non-CAD antihistamine‡ | 304 | 111 | 1.16 (0.96 to 1.42) | 1.00 (0.81 to 1.23) |
Adjusted for age at diagnosis and year of diagnosis. CAD = cationic amphiphilic drug; CI = confidence interval; DDD = defined daily dose; HR = hazard ratio.
Adjusted for age at diagnosis, year of diagnosis, clinical stage, tumor histology, chemotherapy, comorbid conditions, use of other prescription drugs, and socioeconomic factors, including highest achieved education, income, and marital status (see Supplementary Methods E, Supplementary Table 1, available online).
One or more filled prescriptions for non-CAD antihistamines and no prescriptions for CAD antihistamines within 6 months before diagnosis and start of follow-up (baseline).
One or more filled prescriptions for CAD antihistamines (including ebastine, loratatadine, desloratadine, astemizole, terfenadine, and cyproheptadine) within 6 months before diagnosis and start of follow-up (baseline).
Association according to cumulative amount by including separate linear terms for CAD and non-CAD antihistamine use in the model. Presented as the change in the hazard ratio per increment of 100 DDDs, that is, comparing CAD and non-CAD antihistamine users with the same cumulative amount. The reference group, therefore, is not the entire group of non-CAD antihistamine users.
One or more filled prescriptions for any antihistamine within 6 months before diagnosis and start of follow-up (baseline).