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. 2020 Sep 14;6(9):e04849. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04849

Table 3.

Risk factors for wasting (WHZ scores < -2SD) among children aged less than twenty four months.

Factors Wasted (%) N OR 95% CI P value
Household member <4 12.5 886 ref.
4 to <7 11.3 4,475 0.86 (0.68–1.09) 0.210
7 or more 10.8 1,869 0.84 (0.64–1.12) 0.241
Age (Months) 0 to <6 9.4 1,758 ref.
6 to <12 10.2 1,813 1.10 (0.87–1.38) 0.446
12 to <24 12.9 3,659 1.44 (1.18–1.76) <0.001
Gender Male 13.1 3,665 ref.
Female 9.5 3,565 0.68 (0.58–0.79) <0.001
Area Urban 10.4 1,153 ref.
Rural 11.5 6,077 0.91 (0.72–1.15) 0.426
Division Dhaka 11.2 1,850 ref.
Barisal 12.4 677 1.03 (0.77–1.38) 0.849
Chittagong 11.9 1,451 0.98 (0.78–1.24) 0.888
Khulna 10.7 995 0.97 (0.75–1.26) 0.825
Rajshahi 8.9 677 0.68 (0.50–0.94) 0.019
Rangpur 10.4 916 0.76 (0.57–1.00) 0.051
Sylhet 14.3 664 1.25 (0.93–1.67) 0.138
Education of mother Secondary complete or higher 7.3 881 ref.
Secondary incomplete 10.4 2,705 1.37 (0.96–1.96) 0.081
Primary complete 11.9 1,141 1.37 (0.91–2.04) 0.128
Primary incomplete 13.0 996 1.37 (0.91–2.08) 0.132
None 13.9 1,507 1.46 (0.97–2.19) 0.073
Education of father Secondary complete or higher 8.5 1,057 ref.
Secondary incomplete 9.2 1,426 0.83 (0.61–1.14) 0.243
Primary complete 12.1 978 1.01 (0.72–1.42) 0.943
Primary incomplete 14.3 1,060 1.14 (0.81–1.59) 0.458
None 12.9 2,145 0.93 0.67–1.29) 0.669
Wealth index quintile Richest 6.7 1,056 ref.
Fourth 10.0 1,175 1.54 (1.07–2.21) 0.020
Middle 10.8 1,364 1.59 (1.09–2.32) 0.017
Second 12.2 1,571 1.74 (1.18–2.58) 0.005
Poorest 14.2 2,064 1.79 (1.19–2.68) 0.005
Type of toilet facility Flush toilet 9.1 1,776 ref.
Pit toilet 11.2 4,482 1.03 (0.81–1.30) 0.822
Hanging toilet 15.0 579 1.17 (0.84–1.64) 0.361
No facilities (field, bush) 17.1 391 1.58 (1.08–2.30) 0.017
Salt iodization test outcome 0 PPM (not iodized) 13.4 1,907 ref.
More than 0 PPM and less than 15 PPM 11.6 1,443 0.81 (0.65–1.01) 0.060
15 PPM or more 10.3 3,750 0.84 (0.69–1.02) 0.080
Number of under five children 7,230 1.08 (0.92–1.25) 0.348