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Ionic properties of Ni, Cd, and Zn.
| Characteristics | Ni | Cd | Zn |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stability constant of metal-humic acid complexesa | 3.2 | 2.78 | 2.74 |
| Stability constant of metal-fulvic acid complexesb | 3.1/3.2 | — | 2.4/2.3 |
| Electronic configuration | 3d84s0 | 4d105s0 | 3d104s0 |
| Pauling electronegativityc | 1.91 | 1.69 | 1.65 |
| Atomic radiic (pm) | 69 | 95 | — |
| Ionic potentialc | 2.9 | 2.11 | — |
