Table 2.
Program characteristics | Program Name | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Implementation year | 1999 | 1988 | 2002–2003 | 2010 | 1999 | 1994 | 2009 | 2014 | 2014 | 2004 | 2009 | 2001 | 2014 | 2014 | 2009 | 2005 | 2005 | |
Location | Large city | Large city | Large city | Large city | Large city | Large city | Large city | Small city/rural area | Small city/rural area | Small city/rural area | Small city/rural area | Small city/rural area | Suburban area | Suburban area | Large city | Large city | Large city | |
Population covered | 225,000 | 370,000 | 400,000 | 150,000 | 600,000 | 600,000 | 125,000 | 100,000 | 85,000 | 77,000 | 192,000 | 200,000 | 120,200 | 160,000 | 59,000 | Québec, supra-regional | 300,000 | |
Program statistics | Referrals per year | 90 | 155 | 156 | 30 | 50 | 70 | 32 | 28 | 15 | 30 | 20 | 35 | 53 | 50 | 50 | ||
Accepted new cases per year | 67 | 140 | 55 | 25 | 45 | 55 | 24 | 17 | 12 | 25 | 12 | 32 | 25 | 50 | ||||
Accepted new cases per year per 100,000 population | 30 | 38 | 14 | 17 | 8 | 9 | 24 | 20 | 16 | 13 | 6 | 27 | 42 | |||||
Services | Program duration | 5 years | 5 years | 2 years | 2 years | 3 years | > 5 years | 5 years | 5 years | 5 years | 3 years | 5 years | 5 years | 3 years | 3 years | 3 years | No maximum | No maximum |
Services for UHR patients | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | |
Specific hospital beds | 6 | 12 | 10 | Yes | 10 | No | No | No | No | 3 | No | No | No | No | 8 | Yes | Yes | |
Patient to case manager ratio | 30:1 | No case management | 19–23:1 | 15–20:1 | 8–20:1 | No case management | 20:1 | 17:1 | 25:1 | 15:1 | NA | 24:1 | 16–18:1 | 10:1 | NA | |||
Admission criteria | Age range | 17–30 | 18–35 | 14–35 | 16–35 | 18–30 | 18–30 | 13–30 | 14–28 | 16–35 | 15–28 | 18–35 | 17–35 | 17–35 | 12–17 | < 17 | 6–17 | |
Maximum length of psychosis prior to treatment | No maximum | No maximum | No maximum | No maximum | No maximum | No maximum | No maximum | No maximum | No maximum | No maximum | 2 years | 2 years | No maximum | No maximum | No maximum | No maximum | No maximum | |
Maximum length of prior treatment with ATP medication | 1 year | 5 years | 1 month | 1 month | 6 months | No maximum | 1 month | No maximum | 2 years | No maximum | No maximum | No maximum | 6 months | 6 months | 1month | No maximum | No maximum | |
Inclusion of affective psychosis | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | |
Inclusion of substance-induced psychosis | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | |
Inclusion of concurrent of acquired brain injury/developmental disorders | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
Inclusion of concurrent epilepsy | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
Inclusion of concurrent mental retardation | Yes | No | No | No | Yes, if mild | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes, if mild | No | Yes | No | |
Inclusion despite legal problems | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | ||
Accessibility/early detection | School, community clinic or self-referral are accepted | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | ||
Targeted maximum delay after between referral and first contact with patient | 24 hr | 2 weeks | 3 days | 4 days | 1 month | No maximum | 1 week | 3 days | 3 days | 3 days | 1 week | 1 week | 1 week | No maximum | No maximum | |||
Targeted maximum delay after between referral and face-to-face full assessment | 2 weeks | 2 weeks | 1 week | 2 weeks | No maximum | No maximum | 1 week | 2 weeks | 1 week | 1 week | 1 week | 1 week | 1 week | No maximum | No maximum | |||
Targeted maximum delay after between referral and entry into program | 2 weeks | 2 months | 2 weeks | No maximum | No maximum | No maximum | 1 week | No maximum | 1 week | 3 months | 3 weeks | No maximum | 1 week | No maximum | No maximum | |||
Average time for entry into program | 1 week | 1 month | 1 week | 1 week | 1,5 month | 1 month | 2 days | 1 month | 3–4 days | 1 month | 3 weeks | 5 days | 24 hours | 1–2 weeks | 2–3 weeks | |||
Public education | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | ||
Direct education of sources of referral | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | ||
Standardized processes | Use of clinical practice guidelines | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
Formal protocol for initial assessment | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | |||
Regular use of standardized evaluation tools | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | |||
Formal process for evaluation of patient and treatment outcome | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | |||
Evaluation for quality assurance | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | |||
Education and research | Continuing education within program | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | ||
Research within program | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | |||
Patient characteristics | Average age at admission | 23 | 24,5 | 23 | 22 | 21 | 18 | 20 | 19 | 23 | 22 | 22 | 15 | 15,5 | 16 | |||
% studying at admission | 25 | 50 | 15 | 22 | 25 | 20 | 25 | 60 | 50 | 98 | 95 | 95 | ||||||
% working at admission | 45 | 20 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 50 | 25 | 20 | 50 | 0 | 3 | 0 | ||||||
% living with their family at admission | 40 | 60 | 80 | 70 | 60 | 67 | 50 | 60 | 80 | 95 | 95 | 95 | ||||||
% living independently at admission | 55 | 40 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 33 | 50 | 40 | 20 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
First Nation (%) | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 2 | 0 | ||||
Visible minorities (%) | 33 | 60 | 35 | 15 | 15 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 10 | 25 | 5 | 80 | ||||
First-generation immigrants (%) | 25 | 40 | 18 | 35 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 10 | 2 | 10 | |||||
Second-generation immigrants (%) | 20 | 15 | 48 | 25 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 15 | 4 | 70 | |||||
Use of antipsychotics < 1 month prior to admission | 35 | N/A | 3 | 95 | 40 | 99 | 90 | 20 | 70 | N/A | 95 | 70 | ||||||
Use of antipsychotics 1–3 months | 35 | N/A | 1 | 5 | 40 | 10 | 30 | 15 | N/A | 5 | 15 | |||||||
Use of antipsychotics 3–6 months | 20 | N/A | 0 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 20 | 10 | N/A | 0 | 3 | |||||||
Use of antipsychotics > 6 months | 10 | N/A | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 20 | 5 | N/A | 0 | 2 |
Note. EIS = early intervention services; UHR = ultrahigh risk.