Table 4.

Regression models showing associations between non-modifiable explanatory variables and depression scores

	Regression coefficient (B)	95% CI lower	95% CI upper	β	P value
PHQ-9 total score†
Age (per decade)	−0.30	−0.33	−0.27	−0.36	<0.0001****
Female	0.36	0.25	0.47	0.11	<0.0001****
Live alone	0.33	0.21	0.45	0.09	<0.0001****
BAME background	0.03	−0.11	0.17	0.01	0.70
Key worker	0.08	−0.00	0.16	0.03	0.07
Risk group‡
Most at risk	0.56	0.35	0.77	0.09	<0.0001****
Increased risk	0.27	0.16	0.38	0.08	<0.0001****
Adjusted R2=0.14, n=3090
	OR	95% CI lower	95% CI upper	β	P value
PHQ-9 ‘cases’§
Age (per decade)	0.65	0.61	0.69	−1.38	<0.0001****
Female	1.50	1.19	1.89	0.31	<0.001***
Live alone	1.53	1.21	1.93	0.31	<0.001***
BAME background	1.14	0.88	1.48	0.08	0.31
Key worker	1.16	0.99	1.36	0.16	0.06
Risk group‡
Most at risk	1.98	1.33	2.94	0.28	<0.001***
Increased risk	1.63	1.31	2.02	0.39	<0.0001****
Pseudo R2=0.07, n=3090

****p<0.001, ****p<0.0001.

†A square-root transformation was applied to the dependent variable.

‡Comparison reference group ‘I am in neither risk category’.

§A ‘case’ is defined as a PHQ-9 Score greater than or equal to 10, at which level someone would qualify for high intensity psychological support in the National Health Service.

BAME, Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic; PHQ-9, 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire.