Table 1.

The characteristics of the studies included in this review

Author	Year	Country	Numer of case	Male	Female	Sample type	Mean age (months)	Number of positive	Percent	Coinfection	Single infection
Zappa A et al. [14]	2011	Italy	22	NA	NA	Pharyngeal Swabs	5	3	12.4	NA	NA
Uyar M et al. [15]	2014	Turkey	62	45	17	Nasopharyngeal Aspirate	N	3	4.8	2	1
Ricart S et al. [16]	2013	Spain	404	NA	NA	Nasopharyngeal Aspirate	3.6	118	18.8	101	17
Brand HK et al. [17]	2012	Netherlands	142	NA	NA	Nasopharyngeal Aspirate	4.5	6	4.22	6	0
Calvo C et al. [18]	2010	Spain	318	175	193	Nasopharyngeal Aspirate	5.6	42	11.4	28	14
Chen yw et al. [10]	2014	Taiwan	113	77	36	Nasopharyngeal Aspirate	9	22	19.5	16	6
Chung JY et al. [10]	2008	Republic of Korea	308	NA	NA	Nasopharyngeal Aspirate	11.4	37	12	8	29
Rosal TD et al. [19]	2015	Spain	684	NA	NA	Nasopharyngeal Aspirate	9.1	31	4.5	0	31
Pierangeli A et al. [20]	2008	Italy	204	102	102	Nasal Washings	N	22	10.7	16	6
Jacques J et al. [21]	2008	French	192	NA	NA	Nasopharyngeal Aspirate	8.6	24	12.5	10	14
Midulla F et al. [11]	2010	Italy	182	NA	NA	Nasal Washings	2.5	22	12.5	15	7
Ricart S et al. [16]	2013	Spain	484	235	173	Nasopharyngeal Aspirate	12	119	24.58	NA	NA
Wang k et al. [22]	2009	China	51	NA	NA	Nasal/throat Swabs	N	11	21.6	NA	NA
Chen ZR et al. [10]	2014	China	998	672	326	Nasopharyngeal Aspirate	8.5	82	11.6	24	58
Robledo MA et al. [23]	2018	Mexico	134	81	53	Nasopharyngeal Aspirate	6.6	9	5.9	0	9
Janahi I et al. [24]	2017	Qatar	369	247	122	Nasopharyngeal Aspirate	N	15	4.1	NA	NA
Cangiano G et al. [25]	2016	Italy	723	395	201	Nasopharyngeal Aspirate	2.13	13	1.8	13	0
Praznik A et al. [26]	2018	Slovenia	473	NA	NA	Nasopharyngeal Swabs	10	87	18.4	NA	NA
Macao P et al. [27]	2011	Portugal	78	47	30	Nasopharyngeal Aspirate	8.5	29	37.1	26	3
Huguenin A et al. [28]	2012	France	138	81	57	Nasopharyngeal Aspirate	4	37	27	24	13
Antunes H et al. [29]	2010	Portugal	207	NA	NA	Nasopharyngeal Aspirate	N	8	3.8	6	2
Miron D et al. [30]	2010	Israel	465	279	186	Sputum or Nasal Wash	3	31	6.7	28	3

NA: Not Available.