Table 1.

Description of various techniques of 3D Bioprinting.

Type of 3D Bioprinting technology	Basic Principle Involved	Applications	Advantages	Disadvantages
Laser-Assisted Printing	Laser pulse stimulates a small area of the target.	Bone tissue engineering Creation of complex scaffolds for guided tissue regeneration.	High degree of precision and resolution, ability to use high viscosity bio-ink print high cell density >95% cell viability	Time consuming, high cost
Ink-jet Printing	Pressure change in the upstream of nozzle Results in a downstream droplet ejection.	Printing of complex ceramic-like structures to support guided tissue regeneration. Drop-by-drop bioprinting of live cells for cell aggregate approach.	High speed, availability, low cost >85% cell viability	Lack of precision in droplet placement and size, need for low viscosity bio-ink
Extrusion based printing	Material fuses together at room temperature after leaving the nozzle.	Can be used with many material for creation of simple biocompatible biodegradable scaffolds for guided tissue regeneration	Affordability, high-speed printing, and potential of printing multiple materials at the same time	Only thermoplastic materials can be used Inability to embed cells in the material
Multi head deposition system	Extrusion of components via multiple mixing nozzles, exposing each layer to UV light or heat	Can be used with wider range and forms of material for creation of biocompatible and biodegradable scaffolds for guided tissue regeneration	Wide range of flexibility in the material that can be used	Subdued resolution and speed