Table 5.
Observed availability of infrastructure, equipment, supplies and drugs for treatment of childhood illness at health posts and health centres at baseline (December 2016 to February 2017) and endline surveys (December 2018 to February 2019) in intervention and comparison areas
| Health centre | Health post | |||||||||||
| Baseline | Endline | Difference-in-differences * | P value† | Baseline | Endline | Difference-in-differences* | P value† | |||||
| Intervention n=74 | Comparison n=81 | Intervention n=68 | Comparison n=74 | Intervention n=84 | Comparison n=85 | Intervention n=79 | Comparison n=86 | |||||
| % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % | |||
| Infrastructure | ||||||||||||
| Patient toilet | 99 (91 to 100) | 96 (89 to 99) | 97 (89 to 99) | 97 (90 to 99) | −3 | 0.51 | 87 (78 to 93) | 80 (70 to 87) | 82 (72 to 89) | 81 (72 to 88) | −6 | 0.54 |
| Water | 91 (82 to 96) | 74 (63 to 82) | 75 (63 to 84) | 69 (57 to 79) | −11 | 0.36 | 69 (58 to 78) | 55 (44 to 66) | 51 (40 to 62) | 52 (42 to 63) | −15 | 0.43 |
| Fridge | 77 (66 to 85) | 78 (67 to 86) | 78 (66 to 86) | 80 (69 to 86) | −1 | 0.838 | 10 (5 to 18) | 9 (10 to 18) | 33 (23 to 44) | 40 (30 to 50) | −8 | 0.027 |
| Steriliser | 70 (57 to 80) | 63 (52 to 73) | 74 (62 to 83) | 68 (59 to 77) | −1 | 0.751 | 10 (5 to 18) | 7 (3 to 15) | 10 (5 to 19) | 10 (5 to 19) | −3 | 0.515 |
| Electricity | 59 (48 to 70) | 62 (51 to 72) | 65 (52 to 75) | 70 (57 to 79) | −2 | 0.588 | 17 (10 to 26) | 19 (12 to 29) | 23 (15 to 34) | 25 (17 to 36) | 0 | 0.392 |
| Drugs | ||||||||||||
| Amoxicillin‡ | 97 (90 to 99) | 99 (91 to 100) | 97 (89 to 99) | 99 (81 to 100) | 0 | 0.975 | 79(68 to 86) | 81 (71 to 88) | 73 (62 to 82) | 80 (70 to 87) | −5 | 0.85 |
| Cotrimoxazole | 97 (90 to 99) | 98 (90 to 99) | 94 (85 to 98) | 95 (86 to 98) | 0 | 0.67 | 40 (30 to 51) | 15 (9 to 25) | 8 (3 to 16) | 6 (2 to 13) | −23 | 0.97 |
| Gentamicin§ | 82 (72 to 90) | 81 (71 to 89) | 94 (85 to 98) | 97 (90 to 99) | −4 | 0.07 | 38 (28 to 49) | 41 (31 to 52) | 37 (27 to 48) | 15 (9 to 25) | 25 | <0.01 |
| Ampicillin¶ | 84 (73 to 91) | 90 (81 to 95) | 97 (89 to 99) | 99 (91 to 100) | 4 | 0.31 | ||||||
| ORS | 89 (80 to 95) | 80 (70 to 88) | 93 (83 to 97) | 92 (83 to 97) | −8 | 0.16 | 76 (66 to 84) | 58 (47 to 68) | 92 (84 to 97) | 85 (75 to 91) | −11 | 0.22 |
| Zinc | 12 (6 to 22) | 7 (3 to 16) | 16 (9 to 287 | 16 (9 to 27) | −5 | 0.21 | 82 (72 to 88) | 80 (70 to 87) | 84 (73 to 90) | 80 (70 to 87) | 2 | 0.93 |
| Zinc-ORS¶ combined | 74 (63 to 83) | 77 (66 to 85) | 88 (78 to 94) | 68 (56 to 74) | 23 | 0.03 | 10 (5 to 18) | 5 (2 to 12) | 14 (08 to 24) | 9 (4 to 16) | 0 | 0.59 |
| Malaria RDT | 88 (78 to 94) | 77 (66 to 85) | 87 (76 to 93) | 65 (53 to 75) | 11 | 0.23 | 75 (64 to 83) | 48 (37 to 59) | 65 (53 to 74) | 37 (27 to 48) | 1 | 0.56 |
| RUTF | 82 (72 to 90) | 100 | 88 (78 to 94) | 99 (91 to 100) | 7 | 5 (2 to 12) | 11 (06 to 19) | 47 (36 to 58) | 74 (64 to 83) | −21 | <0.01 | |
| Equipment | ||||||||||||
| Stethoscope | 100 | 100 | 99 (90 to 100) | 100 | −1 | 74 (63 to 82) | 81 (71 to 88) | 72 (61 to 81) | 56 (45 to 66) | 23 | <0.01 | |
| MUAC tape | 100 | 99 (91 to 100) | 99 (90 to 100) | 99 (91 to 100) | −1 | 98 (91 to 99) | 100 | 97 (90 to 99) | 100 | −1 | 0.95 | |
| Thermometer | 100 | 98 (90 to 99) | 100 | 99 (91 to 100) | −1 | 86 (76 to 92) | 87 (78 to 93) | 85 (75 to 91) | 76 (65 to 84) | 10 | 0.11 | |
| Infant scale | 96 (88 to 99) | 96 (89 to 99) | 97 (89 to 99) | 99 (91 to 100) | −2 | 0.49 | 80 (70 to 87) | 81 (71 to 88) | 80 (69 to 87) | 77 (66 to 85) | 4 | 0.52 |
| Ambu face mask | 95 (86 to 98) | 94 (86 to 97) | 96 (87 to 99) | 96 (88 to 99) | −1 | 0.69 | 81 (71 to 88) | 71 (60 to 79) | 23 (15 to 34) | 13 (7 to 22) | 0 | |
| Weighing sling | 86 (76 to 93) | 95 (87 to 98) | 93 (83 to 97) | 92 (83 to 97) | 10 | 0.23 | 70 (59 to 79) | 76 (66 to 84) | 75 (64 to 83) | 78 (68 to 86) | 3 | 0.94 |
| Syringes and needle | 100 | 95 (87 to 98) | 100 | 100 | −5 | 85 (75 to 91) | 81 (71 to 88) | 78 (68 to 86) | 73 (63 to 82) | 1 | 0.55 | |
| Functional timer** | 21 (14 to 32) | 22 (15 to 33) | 5 (2 to 13) | 16 (10 to 26) | −10 | 0.38 | ||||||
| Job aids | ||||||||||||
| 0–2 months registration book | 95 (86 to 98) | 93 (84 to 97) | 97 (89 to 99) | 95 (86 to 98) | 0 | 0.98 | 92 (83 to 96) | 88 (79 to 94) | 94 (85 to 97) | 86 (77 to 92) | 4 | 0.53 |
| 2–59 months registration book | 100 | 99 (91 to 100) | 96 (87 to 99) | 100 | −5 | 95 (88 to 98) | 89 (81 to 94) | 95 (87 to 98) | 94 (87 to 98) | −5 | 0.31 | |
| Chart booklet | 96 (88 to 99) | 95 (87 to 98) | 99 (89 to 100) | 95 (86 to 98) | 3 | 0.50 | 87 (78 to 93) | 87 (78 to 93) | 94 (85 to 97) | 90 (81 to 95) | 4 | 0.77 |
| Supervision checklist†† | 92 (83 to 96) | 93 (84 to 97) | 90 (80 to 95) | 85 (75 to 92) | 6 | 0.28 | ||||||
| Family health card‡‡ | 83 (74 to 90) | 87 (78 to 93) | 81 (71 to 88) | 81 (72 to 88) | 4 | 0.45 | ||||||
*Difference-in-differences: the difference in the proportion between intervention and comparison areas at endline subtracted from the difference in proportion between intervention and comparison at baseline.
†P value obtained from a logistic regression model for the difference-in-differences analysis.
‡Amoxicillin 250 mg and 125 mg dispersable tablet and 125 mg/5 mL suspenstion.
§Gentamicin 80 mg/2 mL or 20 mg/2 mL for the health centre and 20 mg/2 mL for health posts.
¶Health posts are not expected to have stocks of ampicillin and was hence not assessed.
**Functional timer not assessed at health centre.
††Supervision checklist was not assessed at health posts as stocks are expected to be kept at health centres.
‡‡Family health card was not assessed at health centres as it is a tool mainly used by health extension workers.
MUAC, middle upper arm circumference; ORS, oral rehydration solution; RDT, rapid diagnostic test; RUTF, ready-to-use therapeutic food.