MiR-331-3p increases gemcitabine (GEM) resistance in pancreatic cancer cell lines. A and B, Flow cytometry assessment of apoptosis in PANC1and MIAPaCa2 cells transfected with miR-331-3p mimics or inhibitors and treated with 20 µM GEM for 24 hours. The total events shown in the lower right-hand and upper right-hand quadrants are apoptotic cells. C and D, Western blot analysis of Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 in PANC1 and MIAPaCa2 cells transfected with miR-331-3p mimic or inhibitors. E and F, The IC50 values of GEM in PANC1 and MIAPaCa2 cells transfected with miR-331-3p mimics or inhibitors for 72 hours using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. G and H, Western blot analysis of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1), multidrug resistance-related protein 1 (MRP1), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) in PANC1 and MIAPaCa2 cells transfected with miR-331-3p mimic or inhibitors. β-actin is used as loading control. All data are presented as the mean ± SD. *P < .05. **P < .01. ***P < .001.