Table 2.
Calculation of Z-scoref for IBEM participants over the 16 years of age with age- and sex-matched controls
| IBEM Category | TtBMD | CtBMD | TbBMD | CtTh | CtPo | TbN | TbTh | TbSp | FL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Radius | |||||||||
| Bone mineralization | -1.31 | -2.28 | -2.31 | -0.54 | 0.26 | -2.22 | -1.80 | 4.22 | -2.50b |
| HPP | -1.28 | -3.40 | -1.11 | -0.88 | 8.24a | -1.21 | -1.08 | 1.42 | -0.86 |
| LSD (skeletal) | -0.87 | -2.05 | -0.86 | -0.87 | 1.00 | -0.65 | -0.64 | 1.31 | -0.62 |
| Restricted diets | -0.97 | -2.07 | -1.01 | -1.08 | 0.92 | -0.97 | -0.52 | 1.59 | -1.66c |
| Neuromuscular | -0.36 | -1.98 | -0.61 | -0.15 | 1.86 | -0.48 | -0.47 | 1.71 | -1.17 |
| LSD (non-skeletal) | -0.18 | -0.90 | -0.43 | 0.12 | 0.00 | -0.62 | 0.66 | 0.70 | -0.02b,c |
| Osteopetrosis | +2.39 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 2.34 |
| Tibia | |||||||||
| Bone mineralization | -1.39 | -2.11 | -2.13 | -0.88 | 1.55 | -1.65 | -1.13 | 3.11 | -2.49 |
| HPP | -1.12 | -2.52 | -0.82 | -1.20 | 3.75d,e | -0.95 | 0.00 | 0.94 | -1.24 |
| vLSD (skeletal) | -0.94 | -1.85 | -0.77 | -0.75 | 1.58 | -0.51 | -0.21 | 2.36 | -1.11 |
| Restricted diets | -1.16 | -1.47 | -1.71 | -0.94 | 0.36d | -1.07 | -1.12 | 1.28 | -1.93 |
| Neuromuscular | -0.94 | -1.22 | -1.82 | -0.61 | 0.41 | -1.58 | -0.80 | 6.78 | -2.12 |
| LSD (non-skeletal) | -0.49 | -0.33 | -0.70 | -0.41 | -0.24e | -0.85 | -0.18 | 0.96 | -0.83 |
| Osteopetrosis | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
aHPP are significantly different to all other IBEM categories (with the exception of osteopetrosis), p<0.001
bBone mineralization are significantly different to LSD (non-skeletal), p=0.003
cRestricted diets are significantly different to LSD (non-skeletal), p=0.032
dHPP are significantly different to restricted diets, p=0.043
eHPP are significantly different to LSD (non-skeletal), p=0.012
fZ-scores were calculated from published reference data [34]