Table 2.

Methylation of DDR and related genes in cancers

Pathway	gene	tumor type	methylation frequency	refs
DDR	BRCA1	pancreatic	46%	[149]
		NSCLC	30%	[129]
		ESCC	28%	[110]
		ovarian	16.3%	[150]
	BRCA2	NSCLC	42%	[129]
	MGMT	gliomas	40%	[130]
		NSCLC	30%	[142]
		gastric	9.8%	[122]
	MLH1	CRC	38%	[151]
		ESCC	33%	[110]
		gastric	21.6%	[122]
	MSH2	HPNCC	24%	[152]
		HCC	24.6%	[153]
	WRN	CRC	37.9%	[118]
		NSCLC	37.5%	[118]
		gastric	25%	[118]
		prostate	20%	[118]
	FANCF	cervical	30%	[154]
		ovarian	21%	[154]
		breast	17%	[154]
DDR related	P16	ESCC	52%	[110]
		NSCLC	29%	[142]
	CHFR	ESCC	45%	[141]
		gastric	34.3%	[122]
		NSCLC	10%	[142]
	RASSF1A	gliomas	79.4%	[155]
		cholangiocarcinoma	65%	[156]
		gastric	12.7%	[122]
	SLFN11	CRC	55.47%	[120]
		papillary serous ovarian	39%	[119]
		gastric	29.9%	[121]
		NSCLCs.	13.6%	[119]
	DACT2	ESCC	69%	[145]
		gastric	55.7%	[157]
		breast	49.7%	[146]
		lung	41%	[144]
	NKD2	ESCC	53.2%	[148]
		gastric	53.1%	[158]
		breast	51.4%	[159]
	HIN-1	ESCC	50%	[160]
		NSCLC	48%	[161]
	DACH1	gastric	63.3%	[162]
		ESCC	61.5%	[163]
		HCC	42%	[164]

NSCLC Non-small cell lung cancer, ESCC Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, CRC Colorectal cancer, HPNCC Hereditary non-polyposis, HCC Hepatocellular carcinoma