Table 4.
Comparison of clinical outcomes among before, after 1 week, after 2 weeks, and after 3 weeks of exercise and pairwise comparison test.
| Pairwise comparison (p-value**) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Before exercise (mean± SD) | After 1 week (mean± SD) | After 2 weeks (mean± SD) | After 3 weeks (mean± SD) | Repeated measure ANOVA (p-value*) | Before and after 1 week | Before and after 2 weeks | Before and after 3 weeks | After 1 week and 2 weeks | After 1 week and 3 weeks | After 2 weeks and 3 weeks |
| Plantar fasciitis pain/disability scale (score) | 38.36±11.91 | 31.17±6.80 | 27.24±7.00 | 25.37±8.60 | <0.001 | 0.021 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.007 | 0.004 | 0.687 |
| Muscle length (degree) | |||||||||||
| Gastrocnemius | 57.82±5.94 | 57.65±6.02 | 55.07±5.40 | 56.60±8.18 | 0.298 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Soleus | 46.45±7.27 | 46.02±7.22 | 44.73±8.27 | 45.44±7.69 | 0.517 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Muscle strength (kg) | |||||||||||
| Ankle dorsiflexors | 15.55±3.96 | 15.40±4.27 | 16.67±4.47 | 16.51±4.02 | 0.031 | 1.000 | 0.249 | 0.645 | 0.068 | 0.482 | 1.000 |
| Ankle plantarflexors | 23.62±4.38 | 24.05±4.20 | 26.04±4.29 | 26.10±4.08 | <0.001 | 1.000 | 0.097 | 0.061 | 0.005 | 0.004 | 1.000 |
| Ankle invertors | 9.88±2.27 | 11.10±3.09 | 11.89±2.77 | 11.42±2.03 | <0.001 | 0.118 | 0.005 | 0.008 | 0.449 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| Ankle evertors | 9.15±2.16 | 10.83±1.92 | 11.82±2.48 | 12.41±2.65 | <0.001 | 0.006 | 0.001 | <0.001 | 0.291 | 0.022 | 0.858 |
| Great toe flexors | 7.90±2.99 | 8.48±3.43 | 10.59±4.14 | 11.25±2.65 | <0.001 | 1.000 | 0.011 | <0.001 | 0.011 | <0.001 | 1.000 |
| Less toe flexors | 7.63±2.86 | 9.15±2.95 | 10.91±2.71 | 11.41±3.04 | <0.001 | 0.054 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.028 | 0.005 | 1.000 |
*
Significant difference testing by the repeated measure for ANOVA at p <0.05.
**
Significant difference testing by the Pairwise comparison with Bonferroni adjustment at p <0.017. SD (standard deviation); n/a (not assessment).