TABLE 2.
Clinical variables by worsening organ failure at 48 hours
| Variable | Overall (n = 428) | Worsening organ failure (n = 152) | No worsening organ failure (n = 276) | P‐value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Initial vital signs* | ||||
| SBP (mm Hg) | 100 (81;121.5) | 100 (80;122) | 100 (83;121) | 0.997a |
| HR (beats/min) | 106 (87;127) | 110 (96;135) | 104 (82;124) | 0.003a |
| RR (breaths/min) | 20 (18;26) | 21 (18;26) | 20 (18;26) | 0.491a |
| Temperature (°F) | 98.3 (97.3;100.2) | 98.1 (97;99.7) | 98.4 (97.3;100.4) | 0.085a |
| SpO2 (%) | 96 (92;100) | 96 (91;100) | 97 (92;100) | 0.189a |
| Lab findings | ||||
| Initial WBC* (thousand/mm3) | 13.3 (8.3;18.1) | 12.5 (6.5;19.2) | 13.3 (8.9;17.9) | 0.107a |
| Lactate*, (mmol/L) | 2.9 (1.7;6.0) | 4.8 (2.6;8.3) | 2.4 (1.5;4.1) | <0.001a |
| Lactate, (mmol/L) | ||||
| ≥4 versus other | 133 (38) | 74 (59) | 59 (26) | <0.001b |
| 2–3.9 versus other | 109 (31) | 29 (23) | 80 (36) | 0.015b |
| ˂2 versus other | 109 (31) | 23 (18) | 86 (38) | <0.001b |
| Any positive culture | 557 | 196 | 361 | |
| Blood | 219 (39) | 77 (39) | 142 (39) | 0.991a |
| Respiratory | 179 (32) | 71 (36) | 108 (30) | 0.128a |
| Urine | 153 (27) | 47 (24) | 106 (29) | 0.174a |
| Wound | 6 (1) | 1 (1) | 5 (1) | 0.671c |
| Sepsis management | ||||
| Mechanical ventilation | 84 (20) | 36 (24) | 48 (17) | 0.117b |
| Time to antibiotics (min)*, d | 156 (95;244) | 155 (100;232) | 156 (95;253) | 0.642a |
| Time to vasopressors (h)*, d | 6.1 (3.1;11.1) | 6.2 (3.5;10.4) | 5.7 (2.1;11.7) | 0.343a |
| Fluids in first 6 h (mL)*, d | 3000 (2000;4000) | 3000 (1250;4000) | 3000 (2000;4000) | 0.523a |
| Fluids in first 24 h (mL)*, d | 5000 (3000;7000) | 5000 (3000;6500) | 5500 (4000;7000) | 0.016a |
Data are counts (percentages), unless otherwise specified *for median (first quartile; third quartile). HR, heart rate; RR, respiratory rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure; WBC, white blood cell count.
a
Wilcoxon rank‐sum test.
b
Pearson's χ2 test.
c
Fisher's exact test.
d
Time from triage.