TABLE 3.

Main effects and interactions from the mixed-effects linear regression model on the speech onset times of passive utterances (model < - lmer[log(DV) ∼ animacy × position × cueing + (1 + animacy + cueing | participant) + (1 | item)]).

	b	SE	t	p
Intercept (estimated grand mean)	7.37968	0.04463	165.36	< 0.001*
Animacy (animate–inanimate)	–0.00108	0.01898	–0.06	0.955
Position (left–right)	–0.02775	0.01569	–1.77	0.078
Cueing (noncued–cued)	0.12109	0.02696	4.49	< 0.001*
Animacy × position	0.01527	0.01611	0.95	0.344
Animacy × cueing	–0.00972	0.01710	–0.57	0.570
Position × cueing	–0.00928	0.01587	–0.59	0.559
Animacy × position × cueing	–0.01834	0.01626	–1.13	0.260

*p < 0.001.