Table 2.

Cytokine levels in tear of COVID-19 patients compared to controls.

Cytokines	Control group (n = 41)	COVID-19 (n = 62)	p
IL-1RA	10219.12 ± 20072.36	12497.95 ± 18423.12	0.562
IL-4	3.16 ± 5.17	3.11 ± 5.13	0.960
IL-6	10.71 ± 17.28	54.87 ± 245.28	0.163
IL-8	423.47 ± 1222.22	331.45 ± 777.89	0.670
IL-9	30.02 ± 73.43	79.91 ± 74.15	0.001**
IL-15	742.02 ± 1702.32	2575.88 ± 2726.65	<0.001**
IL-17A	24.43 ± 25.52	15.56 ± 18.94	0.061
Eotaxin	11.55 ± 22.33	2.68 ± 8.39	0.019*
G-CSF	248.51 ± 427.92	543.19 ± 781.12	0.015*
GM-CSF	5.1 ± 13.83	18.42 ± 27.33	0.002**
IFN-γ	77.21 ± 110.71	154.65 ± 197.1	0.012*
IP-10	24494.77 ± 37384.68	13882.07 ± 42887.93	0.187
MIP-1a	7.82 ± 7.47	8.73 ± 18.75	0.732
PDGF	127.58 ± 237.44	242.75 ± 310.92	0.036*
RANTES	75.4 ± 52.21	71.39 ± 41.89	0.681
VEGF	1571.6 ± 3146.13	4141.32 ± 4387.04	0.001**

Data are expressed as mean (pg/mL) ± standard deviation (SD). * (p < 0.05); ** (p < 0.01).