Table 2.
Adjusted ORs for BASC-2 and CBCL scores in the borderline or clinical range for each 1-unit increase in unadjusted prenatal phthalate concentration quartiles for high molecular weight phthalates (i.e., MEHP, MEHPP, MEOHP, MECPP, MBzP, ΣHMWP).
| MEHPa OR (95% CI) |
MEHHPa OR (95% CI) |
MEOHPa OR (95% CI) |
MECPPa OR (95% CI) |
MBzPa OR (95% CI) |
ΣHMWPb OR (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BASC-2 | ||||||
| Externalizing Problems | 1.09 (0.72, 1.65) | 1.02 (0.63, 1.65) | 1.01 (0.62, 1.65) | 0.87 (0.59, 1.56) | 2.07*** (1.27, 3.38) | 1.32 (0.82, 2.13) |
| Internalizing Problems | 1.38 (0.98, 1.94) | 1.33 (0.91, 1.95) | 1.50* (1.01, 2.23) | 1.34 (0.91, 1.97) | 1.41 (0.99, 2.03) | 1.37 (0.94, 2.01) |
| BSI | 1.18 (0.80, 1.72) | 1.03 (0.67, 1.59) | 1.13 (0.73, 1.76) | 1.08 (0.70, 1.68) | 2.02*** (1.31, 3.13) | 1.38 (0.90, 2.13) |
| Hyperactivity | 1.00 (0.71, 1.42) | 0.81 (0.54, 1.23) | 0.80 (0.52, 1.22) | 0.79 (0.52, 1.20) | 1.60** (1.09, 2.35) | 1.01 (0.68, 1.51) |
| Aggression | 1.06 (0.72, 1.56) | 0.92 (0.59, 1.45) | 1.07 (0.68, 1.67) | 0.95 (0.61, 1.49) | 1.61* (1.05, 2.47) | 1.16 (0.75, 1.80) |
| Anxiety | 1.08 (0.81, 1.42) | 1.26 (0.92, 1.73) | 1.50** (1.08, 2.08) | 1.39** (1.00, 1.93) | 1.66** (1.22, 2.24) | 1.31 (0.96, 1.80) |
| Depression | 0.97 (0.68, 1.37) | 1.15 (0.77, 1.70) | 1.10 (0.73, 1.64) | 1.16 (0.78, 1.74) | 1.33 (0.92, 1.92) | 1.06 (0.71, 1.58) |
| Somatization | 1.16 (0.73, 1.83) | 1.00 (0.60, 1.69) | 0.99 (0.58, 1.70) | 0.90 (0.53, 1.54) | 1.08 (0.67, 1.75) | 1.07 (0.63, 1.81) |
| Atypicality | 1.18 (0.89, 1.57) | 1.01 (0.73, 1.40) | 0.94 (0.67, 1.33) | 0.97 (0.70, 1.36) | 1.12 (0.83, 1.52) | 0.99 (0.71, 1.37) |
| Withdrawal | 0.95 (0.67, 1.35) | 0.89 (0.59, 1.34) | 0.92 (0.61, 1.38) | 0.98 (0.65, 1.48) | 1.67** (1.13, 2.45) | 1.30 (0.87, 1.94) |
| Attention Problems | 1.06 (0.76, 1.50) | 1.22 (0.82, 1.80) | 1.27 (0.85, 1.89) | 1.06 (0.71, 1.57) | 1.18 (0.82, 1.70) | 1.27 (0.86, 1.87) |
| CBCL | ||||||
| Externalizing Problems | 1.05 (0.72, 1.51) | 1.15 (0.76, 1.75) | 1.04 (0.68, 1.60) | 1.09 (0.72, 1.67) | 1.80*** (1.19, 2.72) | 1.34 (0.88, 2.04) |
| Internalizing Problems | 1.17 (0.82, 1.67) | 0.97 (0.64, 1.46) | 1.10 (0.72, 1.67) | 0.97 (0.64, 1.47) | 1.08 (0.74, 1.58) | 0.96 (0.63, 1.44) |
| Total Problems | 1.07 (0.73, 1.56) | 1.01 (0.65, 1.56) | 1.11 (0.72, 1.73) | 1.15 (0.74, 1.79) | 1.26 (0.84, 1.90) | 1.10 (0.71, 1.70) |
| ADH Problems | 0.85 (0.19, 3.73) | 0.90 (0.17, 4.70) | 0.87 (0.15, 4.85) | 0.41 (0.06, 2.93) | 1.71 (0.35, 8.35) | 0.91 (0.17, 4.74) |
| Aggressive Behaviour | 1.23 (0.64, 2.37) | 1.44 (0.70, 2.94) | 1.24 (0.59, 2.62) | 1.47 (0.70, 3.10) | 2.05 (0.97, 4.31) | 1.88 (0.91, 3.90) |
| Anxious/Depressed | 3.28** (1.09, 9.88) | 2.31 (0.90, 5.95) | 2.38 (0.91, 6.27) | 3.21** (1.11, 9.25) | 2.31 (0.90, 5.96) | 3.00** (1.09, 8.24) |
| Anxiety Problems | 1.08 (0.63, 1.84) | 0.99 (0.54, 1.82) | 1.32 (0.71, 2.43) | 1.08 (0.59, 2.00) | 1.31 (0.74, 2.32) | 1.07 (0.59, 1.95) |
| Affective Problems | 1.05 (0.71, 1.56) | 1.06 (0.68, 1.68) | 0.95 (0.59, 1.51) | 1.28 (0.81, 2.03) | 1.02 (0.67, 1.56) | 1.13 (0.72, 1.79) |
| Somatic Complaints | 0.93 (0.58, 1.49) | 0.81 (0.46, 1.40) | 0.93 (0.53, 1.62) | 0.85 (0.49, 1.47) | 1.09 (0.65, 1.81) | 0.85 (0.49, 1.47) |
| PD Problems | 1.30 (0.82, 2.06) | 1.18 (0.71, 1.96) | 1.26 (0.74, 2.14) | 1.12 (0.67, 1.87) | 1.44 (0.88, 2.38) | 1.19 (0.71, 1.99) |
| Withdrawn | 1.50 (0.80, 2.82) | 1.07 (0.54, 2.10) | 1.53 (0.75, 3.09) | 1.13 (0.57, 2.21) | 1.35 (0.70, 2.58) | 1.07 (0.55, 2.11) |
| Attention Problems | 1.24 (0.74, 2.07) | 1.42 (0.80, 2.52) | 1.44 (0.80, 2.58) | 1.26 (0.70, 2.27) | 1.00 (0.58, 1.74) | 1.48 (0.84, 2.63) |
All models are adjusted for urinary creatinine, family income, child sex, and Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ).
a
μg/L.
b
μmol/L.
*
Raw p-value < 0.05.
**
q < 0.10.
***
q < 0.05.