Table 4.
Standardized regression coefficients (95% CIs) for the associations between unadjusted prenatal phthalate concentration quartiles and BASC-2 scores in 3–4-year-old children.
| Phthalate Metabolite | Sex | BASC-2: Externalizing Problems | p int | BASC-2: Internalizing Problems | p int | BASC-2: Behavioral Symptoms Index | p int |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MEHPa | Overall | 0.01 (−0.11, 0.12) | 0.12 | −0.05 (−0.17, 0.07) | 0.36 | 0.04 (−0.08, 0.15) | 0.28 |
| Females | −0.08 (−0.24, 0.08) | −0.11 (−0.28, 0.07) | −0.02 (−0.19, 0.15) | ||||
| Males | 0.10 (−0.07, 0.27) | −0.01 (−0.18, 0.16) | 0.09 (−0.07, 0.25) | ||||
| MEHHPa | Overall | −0.03 (−0.16, 0.11) | 0.51 | −0.01 (−0.15, 0.13) | 0.46 | 0.02 (−0.12, 0.15) | 0.33 |
| Females | −0.04 (−0.22, 0.14) | −0.06 (−0.26, 0.14) | −0.02 (−0.21, 0.17) | ||||
| Males | −0.01 (−0.20, 0.19) | 0.02 (−0.18, 0.22) | 0.05 (−0.14, 0.24) | ||||
| MEOHPa | Overall | −0.04 (−0.17, 0.10) | 0.76 | 0.00 (−0.14, 0.15) | 0.28 | 0.00 (−0.14, 0.14) | 0.40 |
| Females | −0.03 (−0.21, 0.15) | −0.08 (−0.28, 0.12) | −0.03 (−0.23, 0.16) | ||||
| Males | −0.06 (−0.26, 0.14) | 0.07 (−0.14, 0.27) | 0.02 (−0.17, 0.22) | ||||
| MECPPa | Overall | −0.04 (−0.18, 0.09) | 0.62 | 0.00 (−0.14, 0.14) | 0.48 | −0.02 (−0.16, 0.12) | 0.42 |
| Females | −0.06 (−0.25, 0.13) | −0.06 (−0.27, 0.14) | −0.06 (−0.26, 0.14) | ||||
| Males | −0.03 (−0.23, 0.16) | 0.03 (−0.17, 0.23) | 0.01 (−0.19, 0.20) | ||||
| MBzPa | Overall | 0.16** (0.04, 0.28) | 0.16 | 0.16** (0.04, 0.29) | 0.28 | 0.18*** (0.05, 0.30) | 0.21 |
| Females | 0.08 (−0.09, 0.25) | 0.09 (−0.09, 0.28) | 0.10 (−0.08, 0.28) | ||||
| Males | 0.26*** (0.08, 0.44) | 0.24*** (0.06, 0.42) | 0.26*** (0.09, 0.43) | ||||
| ΣHMWPb | Overall | 0.02 (−0.11, 0.15) | 0.11 | 0.00 (−0.13, 0.14) | 0.27 | 0.05 (−0.08, 0.19) | 0.14 |
| Females | −0.09 (−0.28, 0.09) | −0.09 (−0.29, 0.11) | −0.05 (−0.23, 0.15) | ||||
| Males | 0.13 (−0.06, 0.32) | 0.08 (−0.12, 0.27) | 0.14 (−0.04, 0.33) | ||||
| MBPa | Overall | 0.12 (−0.01, 0.25) | 0.50 | 0.11 (−0.03, 0.25) | 0.50 | 0.12 (−0.02, 0.25) | 0.20 |
| Females | 0.10 (−0.09, 0.29) | 0.07 (−0.14, 0.27) | 0.04 (−0.16, 0.24) | ||||
| Males | 0.13 (−0.06, 0.33) | 0.15 (−0.05, 0.34) | 0.19** (0.01, 0.37) | ||||
| MiBPa | Overall | 0.16* (0.01, 0.31) | 0.95 | 0.20* (0.05, 0.36) | 0.72 | 0.21*** (0.06, 0.36) | 0.48 |
| Females | 0.22 (−0.01, 0.45) | 0.20 (−0.05, 0.44) | 0.20 (−0.05, 0.44) | ||||
| Males | 0.12 (−0.09, 0.32) | 0.21** (0.01, 0.41) | 0.22** (0.03, 0.42) | ||||
| MEPa | Overall | 0.05 (−0.06, 0.16) | 0.46 | 0.02 (−0.09, 0.14) | 0.28 | 0.04 (−0.07, 0.16) | 0.35 |
| Females | 0.01 (−0.16, 0.17) | −0.05 (−0.23, 0.12) | −0.01 (−0.18, 0.17) | ||||
| Males | 0.08 (−0.08, 0.23) | 0.08 (−0.08, 0.24) | 0.08 (−0.07, 0.23) | ||||
| MMPa | Overall | 0.02 (−0.10, 0.14) | 0.21 | 0.05 (−0.07, 0.17) | 0.10 | −0.06 (−0.18, 0.06) | 0.16 |
| Females | −0.02 (−0.19, 0.14) | −0.04 (−0.22, 0.13) | −0.11 (−0.29, 0.06) | ||||
| Males | 0.11 (−0.06, 0.29) | 0.17 (−0.01, 0.34) | 0.04 (−0.13, 0.21) | ||||
| ΣLMWPb | Overall | 0.09 (−0.03, 0.20) | 0.36 | 0.11 (−0.01, 0.24) | 0.29 | 0.11 (−0.02, 0.23) | 0.17 |
| Females | 0.03 (−0.15, 0.21) | 0.04 (−0.16, 0.23) | 0.01 (−0.18, 0.21) | ||||
| Males | 0.13 (−0.03, 0.29) | 0.17* (0.01, 0.33) | 0.17** (0.02, 0.33) |
All models are adjusted for urinary creatinine, family income and Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ). Overall models are also adjusted for child sex.
a
μg/L.
b
μmol/L.
*
Raw p-value < 0.05.
**
q < 0.10.
***
q < 0.05.