Table 5.
Standardized regression coefficients (95% CIs) for the associations between unadjusted prenatal phthalate concentration quartiles and CBCL scores in 3–4-year-old children.
| Phthalate Metabolite | Sex | CBCL: Externalizing Problems | p int | CBCL: Internalizing Problems | p int | CBCL: Total Problems | p int |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MEHPa | Overall | −0.04 (−0.16, 0.08) | 0.23 | 0.02 (−0.10, 0.14) | 0.15 | 0.01 (−0.11, 0.13) | 0.21 |
| Females | −0.13 (−0.29, 0.04) | −0.08 (−0.25, 0.09) | −0.09 (−0.26, 0.08) | ||||
| Males | 0.03 (−0.15, 0.20) | 0.10 (−0.07, 0.27) | 0.09 (−0.08, 0.25) | ||||
| MEHPPa | Overall | 0.00 (−0.14, 0.14) | 0.51 | −0.01 (0.14, 0.13) | 0.08 | −0.01 (−0.14, 0.13) | 0.33 |
| Females | −0.03 (−0.22, 0.15) | −0.13 (−0.32, 0.06) | −0.10 (−0.29, 0.10) | ||||
| Males | 0.03 (−0.17, 0.23) | 0.11 (−0.09, 0.30) | 0.07 (−0.12, 0.26) | ||||
| MEOHPa | Overall | −0.02 (−0.16, 0.12) | 0.48 | 0.03 (−0.12, 0.17) | 0.12 | 0.00 (−0.14, 0.14) | 0.45 |
| Females | −0.07 (−0.26, 0.12) | −0.09 (−0.29, 0.10) | −0.08 (−0.27, 0.12) | ||||
| Males | 0.01 (−0.20, 0.22) | 0.12 (−0.08, 0.33) | 0.05 (−0.14, 0.25) | ||||
| MECPPa | Overall | −0.03 (−0.16, 0.11) | 0.59 | −0.02 (−0.16, 0.12) | 0.21 | −0.01 (−0.15, 0.13) | 0.59 |
| Females | −0.06 (−0.26, 0.14) | −0.12 (−0.32, 0.08) | −0.08 (−0.28, 0.12) | ||||
| Males | 0.00 (−0.20, 0.20) | 0.06 (−0.14, 0.26) | 0.03 (−0.16, 0.22) | ||||
| MBzPa | Overall | 0.10 (−0.03, 0.22) | 0.25 | 0.07 (−0.06, 0.20) | 0.71 | 0.08 (−0.05, 0.20) | 0.41 |
| Females | 0.01 (−0.16, 0.19) | 0.05 (−0.13, 0.22) | −0.01 (−0.19, 0.17) | ||||
| Males | 0.19* (0.01, 0.37) | 0.10 (−0.08, 0.29) | 0.16 (−0.01, 0.34) | ||||
| ΣHMWPb | Overall | 0.04 (−0.09, 0.18) | 0.14 | 0.02 (−0.12, 0.15) | 0.16 | 0.02 (−0.11, 0.16) | 0.21 |
| Females | −0.08 (−0.27, 0.11) | −0.10 (−0.30, 0.10) | −0.12 (−0.31, 0.08) | ||||
| Males | 0.16 (−0.03, 0.36) | 0.11 (−0.08, 0.31) | 0.13 (−0.05, 0.32) | ||||
| MBPa | Overall | 0.01 (−0.13, 0.14) | 0.60 | 0.08 (−0.06, 0.22) | 0.85 | 0.03 (−0.11, 0.16) | 0.96 |
| Females | −0.02 (−0.22, 0.18) | 0.09 (−0.11, 0.29) | 0.02 (−0.18, 0.22) | ||||
| Males | 0.03 (−0.17, 0.22) | 0.07 (−0.12, 0.27) | 0.03 (−0.16, 0.21) | ||||
| MiBPa | Overall | 0.04 (−0.12, 0.19) | 0.63 | 0.09 (−0.07, 0.24) | 0.26 | 0.04 (−0.11, 0.19) | 0.94 |
| Females | −0.01 (−0.25, 0.23) | −0.04 (−0.28, 0.21) | −0.01 (−0.25, 0.24) | ||||
| Males | 0.07 (−0.14, 0.28) | 0.16 (−0.05, 0.36) | 0.05 (−0.15, 0.25) | ||||
| MEPa | Overall | 0.09 (−0.03, 0.20) | 0.64 | 0.05 (−0.06, 0.17) | 0.64 | 0.09 (−0.02, 0.20) | 0.98 |
| Females | 0.07 (−0.10, 0.23) | 0.04 (−0.14, 0.21) | 0.09 (−0.08, 0.27) | ||||
| Males | 0.10 (−0.06, 0.26) | 0.07 (−0.09, 0.22) | 0.09 (−0.06, 0.24) | ||||
| MMPa | Overall | −0.05 (−0.17, 0.07) | 0.06 | −0.05 (−0.17, 0.07) | 0.06 | −0.05 (−0.17, 0.07) | 0.03* |
| Females | −0.16 (−0.32, 0.01) | −0.15 (−0.32, 0.02) | −0.19* (−0.36, −0.02) | ||||
| Males | 0.09 (−0.09, 0.26) | 0.10 (−0.08, 0.27) | 0.13 (−0.04, 0.30) | ||||
| ΣLMWPb | Overall | 0.12 (−0.01, 0.24) | 0.34 | 0.08 (−0.05, 0.20) | 0.27 | 0.11 (−0.01, 0.23) | 0.47 |
| Females | 0.05 (−0.13, 0.24) | 0.00 (−0.19, 0.20) | 0.05 (−0.15, 0.24) | ||||
| Males | 0.16* (0.01, 0.32) | 0.14 (−0.02, 0.30) | 0.16* (0.01, 0.31) |
All models are adjusted for urinary creatinine, family income and Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ). Overall models are also adjusted for child sex.
*
Raw p-value < 0.05.
**
q < 0.10.
***
q < 0.05.
a
μg/L.
b
μmol/L.