Table 2.
Criteria Achieving the Highest Robustness Score (Top 10%)
| Rank | Theme/Category | Specific Criteria | Robustness Score |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Patient/patient preference | Patients or families who decline intensive care or some of its components (e.g., mechanical ventilation, do not resuscitate) | 26.25 |
| 2 | Context/epidemics | Metastatic malignant disease | 22.25 |
| 3 | Context/epidemics | Advanced and irreversible neurologic event or condition | 21.25 |
| 4 | Context/epidemics | If cardiac arrest: Any of: unwitnessed cardiac arrest, witnessed cardiac arrest not responsive to electrical therapy, recurrent cardiac arrest | 18.25 |
| 5 | Context/epidemics | End-stage lung failure: Primary pulmonary hypertension with NYHA class III or IV heart failure, right atrial pressure > 10 mm Hg, or mean pulmonary artery pressure > 50 mm Hg | 18.25 |
| 6 | Context/epidemics | If burn injury: Any two of: > 60 yr old, > 40% total body area, inhalational injury | 17.25 |
| 7 | Context/epidemics | End-stage lung failure: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease < 25% or Pao2 < 55 mm Hg or secondary pulmonary hypertension or on home o2 (10) | 17.25 |
| 8 | Context/epidemics | Advanced untreatable neuromuscular disease | 16.25 |
| 9 | Context/epidemics | End-stage heart failure: NYHA III or IV | 16.25 |
| 10 | Context/epidemics | End-stage lung failure: Cystic fibrosis with post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s < 30% or baseline Pao2 < 55 mm Hg | 16.25 |
| 11 | Context/epidemics | End-stage lung failure: Pulmonary fibrosis with vital capacity or total lung capacity < 60% predicted or Pao2 < 55 mm Hg or secondary pulmonary hypertension | 16.25 |
| 12 | Context/epidemics | End-stage liver failure: Child-Pugh score ≥ 7 | 16.25 |
| 13 | Context/epidemics | Elective palliative surgery | 15.25 |
| 14 | Context/epidemics | Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score > 11 | 14.5 |
| 15 | Physician/prognosis | Too well | 12.5 |
| 16 | Physician/prognosis | Too sick | 12 |
| 17 | Condition/diagnosis | No further oncological treatment options | 11.25 |
| 18 | Context/epidemics | Severe baseline cognitive impairment | 11.25 |
| 19 | Context/epidemics | Age > 85 yr old | 11.25 |
| 20 | Condition/diagnosis | Persistent vegetative state | 9.5 |
NYHA = New-York Heart Association.